Phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial component of plant-induced defense against biotrophic pathogens. Although the key players of the SA pathway are known, there are still gaps in the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the regulation of particular steps. In our previous research, we showed in Arabidopsis suspension cells that n-butanol, which specifically modulates phospholipase D activity, significantly suppresses the transcription of the pathogenesis related (PR-1) gene, which is generally accepted as the SA pathway marker. In the presented study, we have investigated the site of n-butanol action in the SA pathway. We were able to show in Arabidopsis plants treated with SA that n-butanol inhibits the transcription of defense genes (PR-1, WRKY38). Fluorescence microscopy of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants expressing 35S::NPR1-GFP (nonexpressor pathogenesis related 1) revealed significantly decreased nuclear localization of NPR1 in the presence of n-butanol. On the other hand, n-butanol did not decrease the nuclear localization of NPR1 in 35S::npr1C82A-GFP and 35S::npr1C216A-GFP mutants constitutively expressing NPR1 monomers. Mass spectrometric analysis of plant extracts showed that n-butanol significantly changes the metabolic fingerprinting while t-butanol had no effect. We found groups of the plant metabolites, influenced differently by SA and n-butanol treatment. Thus, we proposed several metabolites as markers for n-butanol action.

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic ; Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Prague Czech Republic

Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic

Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Prague Czech Republic

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Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Hormonal Signaling: From Target Proteins to Membrane Conformations

Recent Advances in the Cellular and Developmental Biology of Phospholipases in Plants

Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis pldα1 Mutants Revealed an Important Role of Phospholipase D Alpha 1 in Chloroplast Biogenesis

Shot-Gun Proteomic Analysis on Roots of Arabidopsis pldα1 Mutants Suggesting the Involvement of PLDα1 in Mitochondrial Protein Import, Vesicular Trafficking and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

The Arabidopsis thaliana non-specific phospholipase C2 is involved in the response to Pseudomonas syringae attack

Leptosphaeria maculans effector AvrLm4-7 affects salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) signalling and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation in Brassica napus