The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is commonly employed to indicate a peculiar instance of regulated cell death (RCD) that engages the adaptive arm of the immune system. The inoculation of cancer cells undergoing ICD into immunocompetent animals elicits a specific immune response associated with the establishment of immunological memory. Only a few agents are intrinsically endowed with the ability to trigger ICD. These include a few chemotherapeutics that are routinely employed in the clinic, like doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, oxaliplatin, and cyclophosphamide, as well as some agents that have not yet been approved for use in humans. Accumulating clinical data indicate that the activation of adaptive immune responses against dying cancer cells is associated with improved disease outcome in patients affected by various neoplasms. Thus, novel therapeutic regimens that trigger ICD are urgently awaited. Here, we discuss current combinatorial approaches to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of RCD into bona fide ICD.

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France ; U1138 INSERM Paris France ; Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer Villejuif France ; Université Paris Descartes Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France ; U1138 INSERM Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer Villejuif France

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France ; U1138 INSERM Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer Villejuif France ; Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France ; U1138 INSERM Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer Villejuif France ; Department of Immunology 2nd Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Motol Charles University Prague Czech Republic ; Université Paris Descartes Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou AP HP Paris France

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France ; U1138 INSERM Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Gustave Roussy Campus Cancer Villejuif France ; Faculté de Medecine Université Paris Sud Le Kremlin Bicêtre France

Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Ghent University Ghent Belgium ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Jette Belgium

Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy Vrije Universiteit Brussel Jette Belgium

Sotio a c Prague Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology 2nd Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Motol Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Erratum v

Front Immunol. 2015 Jun 01;6:275. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00275. PubMed

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