OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate presence and quantity of micro- and nanosized particles (NPs) and interindividual differences in their distribution and composition in nasal mucosa. METHODS: Six samples of nasal mucosa obtained by mucotomy from patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis were examined. Samples divided into 4 parts according to the distance from the nostrils were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy to detect solid particles and characterize their morphology and composition. A novel method of quantification of the particles was designed and used to evaluate interindividual differences in distribution of the particles. The findings were compared with patients' employment history. RESULTS: In all the samples, NPs of different elemental composition were found (iron, barium, copper, titanium, etc.), predominantly in the parts most distant from nostrils, in various depths from the surface of the mucosa and interindividual differences in their quantity and composition were found, possibly in relation to professional exposition. CONCLUSIONS: This study has proven the possibility of quantification of distribution of micro- and nanosized particles in tissue samples and that the NPs may deposit in deeper layers of mucosa and their elemental composition may be related to professional exposition to the sources of NPs.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava Czech Republic ; Centre of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava Czech Republic ; Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Syllabova 19 703 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava Czech Republic ; Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Syllabova 19 703 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Syllabova 19 703 00 Ostrava Czech Republic ; Institute of Pathology University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Pathology University Hospital Ostrava 17 Listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava Czech Republic

Nanotechnology Centre VŠB Technical University of Ostrava 17 Listopadu 15 2172 708 33 Ostrava Czech Republic

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