BACKGROUND: Pivotal studies with dupilumab demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in nasal polyp score, symptom score, and quality-of-life score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effectiveness of dupilumab in a large-scale CRSwNP cohort from 6 European tertiary-care centers. METHODOLOGY: Nasal polyp score, Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 score, visual analog scale for total sinus symptoms, loss of smell, and nasal blockage, and Asthma Control Test (ACT) score were collected from hospital records and assessed at baseline and again at 24 and 52 weeks' treatment with dupilumab in CRSwNP patients. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated in relation to demographic and lifestyle factors, sinus surgery history, presence of comorbidities, and blood eosinophil counts (BEC). Treatment response was evaluated according to European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA) 2021 criteria. RESULTS: All patient outcomes improved at 24 and 52 weeks' treatment compared to baseline. Dupilumab showed effectiveness independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, prior sinus surgery, presence of asthma, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease, allergy, or baseline BEC. A total of 92.5% and 94.4% showed an improvement in at least 1 EUFOREA criterion at 24 and 52 weeks, respectively; 54.4% and 68.2% met all 4 of the more stringent EUFOREA criteria at 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world evaluation of dupilumab effectiveness demonstrates a robust and sustained response in at least two thirds of patients at 52 weeks' treatment. Favorable treatment response was independent of the number of sinus surgery procedures, major comorbidities, or baseline systemic levels of type 2 inflammation.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nasal Polyps * drug therapy   immunology   MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis MeSH
• Rhinitis * drug therapy   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sinusitis * drug therapy   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

Two recent studies have highlighted the potential of nasal microbiota transplantation (NMT) to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Here we evaluate these findings and propose that lessons from fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could guide NMT development, with possible implications for combating antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbiota * MeSH
• Nose microbiology   MeSH
• Rhinitis * microbiology   therapy   MeSH
• Sinusitis * microbiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Following the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA) treatment algorithm for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), patients suffering from severe uncontrolled CRSwNP are recommended to receive oral corticosteroids, (revision) sinus surgery, systemic biologicals and/or aspirin treatment after desensitization (ATAD). Given the major differences in indications, outcomes, practical considerations, risks and costs of these key pillars of treatment, there is a growing need to define criteria for each treatment option and list the clinically relevant and major considerations for them. This EUFOREA document therefore provides an expert panel overview of the expected outcomes, specific considerations and (contra)indications of the five major treatment arms of severe uncontrolled CRSwNP: oral corticosteroids, primary and revision sinus surgery, biological treatment and ATAD. This overview of treatment considerations is needed to allow physicians and patients to consider the different options in the context of providing optimal and personalized care for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP. In conclusion, the five major treatment options for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP have intrinsic advantages, specific indications and considerations that are of importance to the patient, the physician and the society. This EUFOREA statement supports the unmet need to define criteria for the indication of every treatment pillar of CRSwNP.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Management MeSH
• Nasal Polyps * therapy   diagnosis   MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

PURPOSE: The study analyses outcomes of the surgical treatment of odontogenic sinusitis that concurrently address sinusitis and its dental source. METHODS: A total of 364 adult patients were included, representing 13% of all patients we have operated on for any rhinosinusitis over the past 18 years. The diagnosis was based on both ENT and dental examinations including CT imaging. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) FESS with dental surgery without antrotomy, (2) FESS with intraoral antrotomy, and (3) intraoral surgery without FESS. The mean postoperative follow-up was 15 months. RESULTS: First group involved 64%, second group 31%, and third group 6% of the cases. The one-stage combined ENT and dental approach was used in 94% of cases (group 1 and 2) with a success rate of 97%. Concerning FESS, maxillary sinus surgery with middle meatal antrostomy only was performed in 54% of patients. Oroantral communication flap closure was performed in 56% of patients (success rate 98%). Healing was achieved within 3 months. The majority (87%) of patients were operated on unilaterally for unilateral findings. Over the past 18 years, a 6% increase of implant-related odontogenic sinusitis was observed. CONCLUSION: Odontogenic sinusitis is common, tending to be unilateral and chronic. Its dental source needs to be uncovered and treated and should not be underestimated. Close cooperation between ENT and dental specialists has a crucial role in achieving optimal outcomes. The one-stage combined surgical approach proves to be a reliable, safe, fast and effective treatment.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Endoscopy methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Maxillary Sinus surgery   MeSH
• Sinusitis * complications   surgery   MeSH
• Maxillary Sinusitis * diagnostic imaging   etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Chronická rinosinusitida (CRS) je komplexní heterogenní zánětlivé onemocnění dutiny nosní a vedlejších dutin nosních, které velmi často vede ke snížení kvality života s následným socioekonomickým zatížením zdravotnictví. Klinicky se rozděluje na chronickou rinosinusitidu s polypy (CRSwNP) a chronickou rinosinusitidu bez polypů (CRSsNP). V současné době se výzkum zaměřuje na složení mikroflóry v jednotlivých částech lidského těla, které již pomohlo objasnit roli mikrobiomu u zánětlivých respiračních onemocnění, jako je asthma bronchiale a chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc (CHOPN). V této návaznosti se výzkumy zaměřují i na roli nosního mikrobiomu v možné iniciaci a potenciaci CRS. Zdravé nosní mikrobiologické prostředí je z velké části tvořeno bakteriemi, plísněmi a viry. Bližší poznání interakcí mezi mikroby a jednotlivými složkami imunitního systému mohou pomoci ozřejmit patofyziologické mechanizmy probíhající během CRS. V tomto přehledovém článku se zaměříme na současné poznatky o změnách a možné roli komplexního mikrobiomu horních cest dýchacích u CRS v porovnání se zdravým nosním prostředím.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which very often leads to a decrease in the quality of life with subsequent socioeconomic burden on health services and medical care. CRS is clinically divided into chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP). Currently, research focuses on the composition of microflora in individual parts of the human body, which has already helped clarify the role of the microbiome in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthemore, research also focuses on the role of the nasal microbiome in possible initiation and potentiation of CRS. A healthy nasal microbiological environment is composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. A closer understanding of interactions between microbes and individual components of the immune system may help clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms involved during CRS. In this review article, we will focus on the current knowledge of composition changes and the possible role of the complex microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in CRS compared to a healthy nasal environment.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease classification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbiota * immunology   MeSH
• Nasal Cavity microbiology   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Nasal Polyps diagnosis   immunology   classification   MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis * diagnosis   etiology   microbiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Immunity, Mucosal MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

V článku je zpracována problematika empirické perorální antibiotické terapie nejčastějších akutních komunitních bakteriální infekcí u dětí, a sice tonzilitidy, otitis media, sinusitidy, pneumonie, cystitidy, pyelonefritidy, erysipelu, flegmóny, impetiga a erythema migrans. Kromě antibiotik první volby jsou uvedeny i alternativy při výpadku antibiotik nebo při alergii. Součástí doporučení jsou také magistraliter receptury vybraných antibiotik. V článku je dále věnována pozornost klasifikaci antibiotik AWaRe, která rozděluje dostupná antibiotika do tří skupin podle rizika indukce rezistence bakterií.

This article addresses the issue of empirical oral antibiotic therapy for the most common acute community-acquired bacterial infections in children, specifically tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelonephritis, erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo, and erythema migrans. In addition to first-choice antibiotics, alternatives are provided in cases of antibiotic shortages or allergies. The recommendations also include magistral (compounded, pharmacist-prepared) formulas for selected antibiotics. The article further focuses on the AWaRe classification of antibiotics, which divides available antibiotics into three groups according to the risk of inducing bacterial resistance.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents * pharmacology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Bacterial Infections * epidemiology   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Pneumonia, Bacterial drug therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Impetigo etiology   drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Otitis Media drug therapy   classification   MeSH
• Drug Compounding classification   methods   MeSH
• Sinusitis drug therapy   MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Tonsillitis drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• mykotická rinosinusitida,
• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Mycoses surgery   diagnostic imaging   diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Rhinitis diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   microbiology   therapy   MeSH
• Sinusitis diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   microbiology   therapy   MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

V článku je zpracována problematika empirické perorální antibiotické terapie nejčastějších akutních komunitních bakteriální infekcí u dětí, a sice tonzilitidy, otitis media, sinusitidy, pneumonie, cystitidy, pyelonefritidy, erysipelu, flegmóny, impetiga a erythema migrans. Kromě antibiotik první volby jsou uvedeny i alternativy při výpadku antibiotik nebo při alergii. Součástí doporučení jsou také magistraliter receptury vybraných antibiotik. V článku je dále věnována pozornost klasifikaci antibiotik AWaRe, která rozděluje dostupná antibiotika do tří skupin podle rizika indukce rezistence bakterií.

Antibiotická terapie se v ambulantní péči používá k léčbě lehkých a středně závažných bakteriálních infekcí, a to zejména za účelem zkrácení trvání klinických projevů nemoci, případně k redukci rizika komplikací. Sekundárním benefitem antibiotické terapie může být u některých infekcí snížení nakažlivosti nemocného. U streptokokových infekcí se antibiotika podávají také v rámci primární profylaxe postinfekčních následků (revmatické horečky). Antibiotika nejsou indikována u virových respiračních infekcí, a to ani jako profylaxe bakteriální superinfekce [1, 2, 3].

• MeSH
• Ambulatory Care MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents * pharmacology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Bacterial Infections * drug therapy   MeSH
• Pneumonia, Bacterial drug therapy   MeSH
• Cystitis drug therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Impetigo drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lyme Disease drug therapy   MeSH
• Drug Compounding MeSH
• Pyelonephritis drug therapy   MeSH
• Sinusitis drug therapy   MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Tonsillitis drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Zánětlivé stavy postihující měkké tkáně očnice (orbitocelulitidy) jsou jednou z nejčastějších komplikací akutních rinosinusitid postihující jak dětské, tak dospělé pacienty. Byť jsou v dnešní antibiotické éře spíše vzácné (incidence se pohybuje v jednotkách procent), stále se jedná o stav ohrožující pacienta nejen ztrátou zraku, ale i života a vyžaduje včasnou a správnou léčbu. Náš případ ukazuje průběh komplikované orbitocelulitidy u 31letého jinak interně zdravého pacienta hospitalizovaného na naší klinice. I přes včasnou chirurgickou intervenci a drenáž abscesového ložiska mediálně intraorbitálně došlo pouze k přechodnému zlepšení, kdy na kontrolních zobrazovacích metodách byla nalezena další abscesová dutina laterálně v očnici, s nutností reoperace a drenáže ložiska zevním přístupem. V kazuistice je probrán průběh léčby a použité diagnostické a léčebné metody. Diskutována je symptomatologie, doporučený management diagnostiky a léčby u komplikací akutních rinosinusitid.

Inflammatory conditions affecting the soft tissues of the orbit (orbitocellulitis) are one of the most common complications of acute rhinosinusitis affecting both children and adult patients. Although they are rather rare in today‘s antibiotic era (incidence is in percent units), it is still a condition that threatens the patient not only with loss of vision, but also with life, requiring early and correct treatment. Our case shows the course of complicated orbitocellulitis in a 31-year-old internally healthy patient hospitalized in our clinic. Despite early surgical intervention and drainage of the medial abscess mass in the orbit, there was only temporary improvement, while another abscess cavity was found laterally in the orbit, necessitating reoperation and drainage of the abscess by an external approach. Therapeutic process and used diagnostics and treatment are described in this case report. Symptomatology, recommended management of diagnostics and treatment of complications of acute rhinosinusitis are discussed.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Nasal Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Treatment Failure MeSH
• Orbital Cellulitis * diagnostic imaging   etiology   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
• Disease Progression MeSH
• Reoperation methods   MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis * complications   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Úvod: Pacienti s těžkým průběhem CRSwNP (chronic rhinosinustis with nasal polyps), kteří splňují dle EPOS 2020 indikační kritéria, jsou indikováni k biologické léčbě. V patogenezi onemocnění se významně uplatňuje imunopatologická odpověď II. typu. V léčbě se využívají monoklonální protilátky, které blokují signalizaci zánětlivých cytokinů. V České republice jsou schváleny tři preparáty – dupilumab, mepolizumab a omalizumab. Metodika: Retrospektivním sledováním jsme vytvořili soubor 26 pacientů léčených na Klinice otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku ve Fakultní nemocnici v Motole v období od listopadu 2020 do prosince 2023, kteří byli léčeni dupilumabem. V souboru jsme sledovali vývoj hodnot NPS (nasal polyp score), SNOT-22 (22-item sinonasal outcome test), OMT (odourized markers test, test parfémovaných fixů), hodnotu IgE, hladinu eozinofilie a TKA (test kontroly astmatu) od počátku léčby a v 16. týdnu, v 1. roce a ve 2. roce léčby. Výsledky: Dle výsledků dochází ke statisticky signifikantnímu zlepšení nejen subjektivních symptomů, ale i objektivního nálezu většiny proměnných. Po 1. roce od léčby jsme zjistili statisticky signifikantní zlepšení skóre NPS (z 6,15 ± 1,35 na 1,69 ± 1,76), SNOT-22 (z 58,83 ± 17,37 na 15,33 ± 16,80), OMT (z 1,52 ± 1,83 na 5,88 ± 3,5) a IgE (z 245 ± 251 kIU/litr na 64 ± 68 kIU/litr). Ve studii byla na našem souboru pacientů prokázána účinnost biologik. Závěr: Cílem práce je informovat o prvních výsledcích biologické léčby pacientů s chronickou rinosinusitidou s nosní polypózou léčených na Klinice otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku 1. LF Fakultní nemocnice v Motole. V naší studii došlo ke statisticky významnému zlepšení SNOT-22, OMT, NPS a sérové hladiny IgE. Výsledky byly statisticky signifikantní při porovnání vstupních hodnot s 16. týdnem kontroly, stejně tak při porovnání vstupních hodnot s kontrolou v 1. roce. V průběhu léčby jsme se nesetkali se žádnou závažnou komplikací.

Introduction: Patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), meeting the EPOS 2020 criteria, are indicated for biological treatment. The pathogenesis of the disease significantly involves a type II immunopathological response. Treatment involves monoclonal antibodies that block the signaling of inflammatory cytokines. In the Czech Republic, three medications are approved – dupilumab, mepolizumab, and omalizumab. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted, comprising of 26 patients treated with dupilumab at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Motol University Hospital from November 2020 to December 2023. In the study cohort, we monitored the progression of nasal polyp score (NPS) scores, 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Odourized Markers Test (OMT), IgE levels, eosinophil count, and Asthma Control Test from the beginning of treatment and at week 16, 1 year, and 2 years into treatment. Results: According to the results, there is a statistically significant improvement not only in subjective symptoms but also in the objective findings of most variables. After 1 year of treatment, we observed a statistically significant improvement in NPS (from 6.15 ± 1.35 to 1.69 ± 1.76), SNOT-22 (from 58.83 ± 17.37 to 15.33 ± 16.80), OMT (from 1.52 ± 1.83 to 5.88 ± 3.5), and IgE levels (from 245 ± 251 kIU/l to 64 ± 68 kIU/l). In the study, the effectiveness of biologics was demonstrated in our patient cohort. Conclusion: The aim of this study is to report the initial outcomes of biologic treatment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital. Our study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in SNOT-22, OMT, NPS, and serum IgE levels. The results were statistically significant when comparing baseline values with the 16-week follow-up, as well as when comparing baseline values with the 1-year follow up. No serious complications were encountered during the course of treatment.

• MeSH
• Biological Therapy methods   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized administration & dosage   MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nasal Polyps * drug therapy   immunology   complications   pathology   MeSH
• Olfactometry methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Rhinosinusitis * drug therapy   immunology   complications   pathology   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH