Passive Sampling in Regulatory Chemical Monitoring of Nonpolar Organic Compounds in the Aquatic Environment
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review
- MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis MeSH
- Geologic Sediments chemistry MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring methods MeSH
- Organic Chemicals analysis chemistry MeSH
- Biota MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH
- Organic Chemicals MeSH
We reviewed compliance monitoring requirements in the European Union, the United States, and the Oslo-Paris Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic, and evaluated if these are met by passive sampling methods for nonpolar compounds. The strengths and shortcomings of passive sampling are assessed for water, sediments, and biota. Passive water sampling is a suitable technique for measuring concentrations of freely dissolved compounds. This method yields results that are incompatible with the EU's quality standard definition in terms of total concentrations in water, but this definition has little scientific basis. Insufficient quality control is a present weakness of passive sampling in water. Laboratory performance studies and the development of standardized methods are needed to improve data quality and to encourage the use of passive sampling by commercial laboratories and monitoring agencies. Successful prediction of bioaccumulation based on passive sampling is well documented for organisms at the lower trophic levels, but requires more research for higher levels. Despite the existence of several knowledge gaps, passive sampling presently is the best available technology for chemical monitoring of nonpolar organic compounds. Key issues to be addressed by scientists and environmental managers are outlined.
Aarhus University Department of Bioscience Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
Aarhus University Department of Environmental Science Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
Deltares P O Box 85467 3508 AL Utrecht The Netherlands
Dublin City University Glasnevin Dublin Ireland
Environment Agency Evidence Directorate Red Kite House Howbery Park OX10 8BD United Kingdom
Federal Environment Agency Laboratory for Water Analysis Bismarckplatz 1 14193 Berlin Germany
Federal Institute of Hydrology Am Mainzer Tor 1 56068 Koblenz Germany
Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency Wuestland 2 22589 Hamburg Germany
Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory 375 Victoria Road Aberdeen AB30 1AD U K
Masaryk University RECETOX Kamenice 753 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research PO Box 59 1790 AB Texel The Netherlands
Norwegian Institute for Water Research Gaustadalleen 21 NO 0349 Oslo Norway
References provided by Crossref.org
Passive sampling and benchmarking to rank HOC levels in the aquatic environment
