Fluorescent probes for detecting the physical properties of cellular structures have become valuable tools in life sciences. The fluorescence lifetime of molecular rotors can be used to report on variations in local molecular packing or viscosity. We used a nucleoside linked to a meso-substituted BODIPY fluorescent molecular rotor (dC(bdp)) to sense changes in DNA microenvironment both in vitro and in living cells. DNA incorporating dC(bdp) can respond to interactions with DNA-binding proteins and lipids by changes in the fluorescence lifetimes in the range 0.5-2.2 ns. We can directly visualize changes in the local environment of exogenous DNA during transfection of living cells. Relatively long fluorescence lifetimes and extensive contrast for detecting changes in the microenvironment together with good photostability and versatility for DNA synthesis make this probe suitable for analysis of DNA-associated processes, cellular structures, and also DNA-based nanomaterials.

Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center Flemingovo nam 2 16610 Prague 6 http www uochb cas cz hocekgroup

J Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v v i Dolejskova 3 18223 Prague 8 http www hof fluorescence group weebly com

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