Astaxanthin (AXT) is one of the most important fat-soluble carotenoids that have abundant and diverse therapeutic applications namely in liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer treatment, protection of the nervous system, protection of the skin and eyes against UV radiation, and boosting the immune system. However, due to its intrinsic reactivity, it is chemically unstable, and therefore, the design and production processes for this compound need to be precisely formulated. Nanoencapsulation is widely applied to protect AXT against degradation during digestion and storage, thus improving its physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with many advantages─ease of surface modification, biocompatibility, and targeted drug delivery and release. This review discusses the technological advancement in nanocarriers for the delivery of AXT through the brain, eyes, and skin, with emphasis on the benefits, limitations, and efficiency in practice.
Many dynamic interactions within the cell microenvironment modulate cell behavior and cell fate. However, the pathways and mechanisms behind cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions remain understudied, as they occur at a nanoscale level. Recent progress in nanotechnology allows for mimicking of the microenvironment at nanoscale in vitro; electron-beam lithography (EBL) is currently the most promising technique. Although this nanopatterning technique can generate nanostructures of good quality and resolution, it has resulted, thus far, in the production of only simple shapes (e.g., rectangles) over a relatively small area (100 × 100 μm), leaving its potential in biological applications unfulfilled. Here, we used EBL for cell-interaction studies by coating cell-culture-relevant material with electron-conductive indium tin oxide, which formed nanopatterns of complex nanohexagonal structures over a large area (500 × 500 μm). We confirmed the potential of EBL for use in cell-interaction studies by analyzing specific cell responses toward differentially distributed nanohexagons spaced at 1000, 500, and 250 nm. We found that our optimized technique of EBL with HaloTags enabled the investigation of broad changes to a cell-culture-relevant surface and can provide an understanding of cellular signaling mechanisms at a single-molecule level.
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
Cellular localization of carbon nanomaterials in cancer cells is essential information for better understanding their interaction with biological targets and a crucial factor for further evaluating their biological properties as nanovehicles or nanotherapeutics. Recently, increasing efforts to develop promising fullerene nanotherapeutics for cancer nanotechnology have been made. However, the main challenge regarding studying their cellular effects is the lack of effective methods for their visualization and determining their cellular fate due to the limited fluorescence of buckyball scaffolds. Herein, we developed a method for cellular localization of nonfluorescent and water-soluble fullerene nanomaterials using the in vitro click chemistry approach. First, we synthesized a triple-bonded fullerene probe (TBC60ser), which was further used as a starting material for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin and sulfo-cyanine5 azide fluorophores to create fluorescent fullerene triazoles. In this work, we characterized the structurally triple-bonded [60]fullerene derivative and confirmed its high symmetry (Th) and the successful formation of fullerene triazoles by spectroscopic techniques (i.e., ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies) and mass spectrometry. The created fluorescent fullerene triazoles were successfully localized in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using fluorescent microscopy. Overall, our findings demonstrate that TBC60ser localizes in the lysosomes of MCF-7 cells, with only a small affinity to mitochondria.
- MeSH
- fullereny * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nanostruktury * chemie MeSH
- triazoly MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the last decade, significant advances have been made towards the rational design of proteins, DNA, and other organic nanostructures. The emerging possibility to precisely engineer molecular structures resulted in a wide range of new applications in fields such as biotechnology or medicine. The complexity and size of the artificial molecular systems as well as the number of interactions are greatly increasing and are manifesting the need for computational design support. In addition, a new generation of AI-based structure prediction tools provides researchers with completely new possibilities to generate recombinant proteins and functionalized DNA nanostructures. In this study, we present Catana, a web-based modelling environment suited for proteins and DNA nanostructures. User-friendly features were developed to create and modify recombinant fusion proteins, predict protein structures based on the amino acid sequence, and manipulate DNA origami structures. Moreover, Catana was jointly developed with the novel Unified Nanotechnology Format (UNF). Therefore, it employs a state-of-the-art coarse-grained data model, that is compatible with other established and upcoming applications. A particular focus was put on an effortless data export to allow even inexperienced users to perform in silico evaluations of their designs by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Catana is freely available at http://catana.ait.ac.at/.
In this study, CeO2 (cerium oxide) nanoparticles were synthesized using Pinus halepensis pollen and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the ensuing CeO2 nanostructures, ranging in size from 5 to 25 nm, had high porosity. Synthesized CeO2 showed the effective catalytic activity towards the photocatalytic removal of dyes. In this work, the photocatalytic activity to removal dye (methyl violet 2B), in the absence of UV radiation, using cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NP) was determined. In this research, four main factors such as effect on color, concentration and pH were examined and maximum %R was obtained about was 97% in 75 min in presence of 50 mg of hydrogen peroxide.
- MeSH
- barvicí látky chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- borovice MeSH
- cer chemie MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We developed a multifunctional polymer coating for nanoparticles (NPs) that enables simultaneous detection by 19F MRI and shielding from blood plasma fouling. The coating is based on a water-soluble fluorinated poly(N-(2-fluoroethyl)acrylamide) (PFEAM) that shows high 19F MRI sensitivity, cytocompatibility and excellent antifouling properties, significantly outperforming polyethylene glycol. A proof-of-concept experiment was performed by synthesizing polymer-coated gold NPs that were successfully visualized by 19F MRI at magnetic fields close to the fields used in clinical practice. This universal approach can be used for coating and tracing of various NPs upon suitable polymer chain-end modification.
- MeSH
- akrylové pryskyřice chemie farmakologie MeSH
- biokompatibilní potahované materiály chemie farmakologie MeSH
- bioznečištění prevence a kontrola MeSH
- fluor MeSH
- halogenace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Natural biopolymers, polymeric organic molecules produced by living organisms and/or renewable resources, are considered greener, sustainable, and eco-friendly materials. Natural polysaccharides comprising cellulose, chitin/chitosan, starch, gum, alginate, and pectin are sustainable materials owing to their outstanding structural features, abundant availability, and nontoxicity, ease of modification, biocompatibility, and promissing potentials. Plentiful polysaccharides have been utilized for making assorted (nano)catalysts in recent years; fabrication of polysaccharides-supported metal/metal oxide (nano)materials is one of the effective strategies in nanotechnology. Water is one of the world's foremost environmental stress concerns. Nanomaterial-adorned polysaccharides-based entities have functioned as novel and more efficient (nano)catalysts or sorbents in eliminating an array of aqueous pollutants and contaminants, including ionic metals and organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater. This review encompasses recent advancements, trends and challenges for natural biopolymers assembled from renewable resources for exploitation in the production of starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan-derived (nano)materials.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- algináty MeSH
- biopolymery * MeSH
- celulosa MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chitin MeSH
- chitosan MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- nanostruktury * chemie MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- ochrana vodních zdrojů MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- pektiny MeSH
- škrob MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The development of cancer resistance continues to represent a bottleneck of cancer therapy. It is one of the leading factors preventing drugs to exhibit their full therapeutic potential. Consequently, it reduces the efficacy of anticancer therapy and causes the survival rate of therapy-resistant patients to be far from satisfactory. Here, an emerging strategy for overcoming drug resistance is proposed employing a novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial polysiloxane (PSX). We have reported on the synthesis of PSX nanosheets (PSX NSs) and proved that they have favorable properties for biomedical applications. PSX NSs evinced unprecedented cytocompatibility up to the concentration of 300 μg/mL, while inducing very low level of red blood cell hemolysis and were found to be highly effective for anticancer drug binding. PSX NSs enhanced the efficacy of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) by around 27.8-43.4% on average and, interestingly, were found to be especially effective in the therapy of drug-resistant tumors, improving the effectiveness of up to 52%. Fluorescence microscopy revealed improved retention of DOX within the drug-resistant cells when bound on PSX NSs. DOX bound on the surface of PSX NSs, i.e., PSX@DOX, improved, in general, the DOX cytotoxicity in vitro. More importantly, PSX@DOX reduced the growth of DOX-resistant tumors in vivo with 3.5 times better average efficiency than the free drug. Altogether, this paper represents an introduction of a new 2D nanomaterial derived from silicane and pioneers its biomedical application. As advances in the field of material synthesis are rapidly progressing, novel 2D nanomaterials with improved properties are being synthesized and await thorough exploration. Our findings further provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the cancer resistance and can promote the development of a precise cancer therapy.
- MeSH
- chemorezistence účinky léků MeSH
- doxorubicin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků farmakoterapie MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- siloxany chemie farmakologie MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
