Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by a specialized structure, the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast first occurred in representatives of Charophyte algae and then became the main division apparatus in land plants. Major cellular activities, including cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicle trafficking, membrane assembly, and cell wall biosynthesis, cooperate in the phragmoplast under the guidance of a complex signaling network. Furthermore, the phragmoplast combines plant-specific features with the conserved cytokinetic processes of animals, fungi, and protists. As such, the phragmoplast represents a useful system for understanding both plant cell dynamics and the evolution of cytokinesis. We recognize that future research and knowledge transfer into other fields would benefit from standardized terminology. Here, we propose such a lexicon of terminology for specific structures and processes associated with plant cytokinesis.

Biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA

Botany Department School of Biology and Chemistry Osnabrück University Barbarastraße 11 49076 Osnabrück Germany

Botany Department WZW Technische Universität München Freising 85354 Germany

Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA USA

Center for Plant Molecular Biology University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen Germany

Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Faculty of Science Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria

Department of Botany School of Biology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR 541 24 Macedonia Greece

Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Department of Experimental Plant Biology Charles University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR Prague Czech Republic

Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado UCB 347 Boulder CO 80309 0347 USA

Department of Picobiology Graduate School of Life Science University of Hyogo Shosha 2167 Himeji 671 2201 Japan

Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Ghent Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology VIB Technologiepark 927 9052 Ghent Belgium

Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 1 D 53115 Bonn Germany

Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3RB UK

Departments of Botany and Genetics Laboratories of Cell and Molecular Biology University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique Université de Strasbourg F67084 Strasbourg cedex France

Institute of Biological Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

Laboratory of Cell Biology Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands

National Institute for Basic Biology Myodaiji Okazaki 444 8585 Japan

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