IntroductionThis paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results:Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.

Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael 1 of Romania' from Timişoara Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health Timişoara Romania

Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector borne Zoonoses Institute for Medical Research University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Department of Bacteria Parasites and Fungi Infectious Disease Preparedness Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia

Department of Microbiology Public Health Institute of Istrian Region Pula Croatia

Department of Parasitology National Public Health Institute Budapest Hungary

Department of Parasitology National Veterinary Research Institute Puławy Poland

Department of Veterinary Disease Biology University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark

Department of Water Hygiene National Public Health Institute Budapest Hungary

Faculty of Agriculture University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice České Budějovice Czech Republic

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Agriculture Jelgava Latvia

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Health Institute in Ústí nad Labem Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Food Safety Animal Health and Environment 'BIOR' Riga Latvia

Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Medical School University of Cologne Cologne Germany

National Food Chain Safety Office Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate Budapest Hungary

State Key Laboratory for Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases Qinghai University Xining China

University of Sarajevo Veterinary Faculty Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

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