BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to provide empirical evidence regarding the classification accuracy of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) neuropsychological battery (NB) in the determination of Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). METHODS: The present cross-sectional study included 106 PD patients subjected to PD-MCI classification at Level I and 120 healthy controls (HCs). All HC and PD subjects were then assessed with MDS-NB at Level II and matched according to age and education using different thresholds (1.5 and 2.0 standard deviations [SDs] below average). RESULTS: We found that Level I and II resulted in different classifications of PD-MCI status. Detection thresholds of -1.5 SD and -2.0 SDs at Level II had also a significant impact on the discriminative validity of all measures in the MDS neuropsychological battery, based on area under the curve analyses. Overall, semantic fluency showed the highest potential in all comparisons not only between PD-MCI and HC, but also between PD-MCI and PD with no deficit (PD-ND). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the battery at Level II is applicable and that some measures, such as semantic fluency, have high discriminative validity in the detection of PD-MCI versus PD-ND and HCs.

Charles University Prague 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience Prague Czech Republic

Charles University Prague 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Department of Psychiatry Prague Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:368–376. PubMed

Owen AM. Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the role of frontostriatal circuitry. Neuroscientist 2004;10:525–537. PubMed

Williams‐Gray CH, Mason SL, Evans JR, et al. The CamPaIGN study of Parkinson's disease: 10‐year outlook in an incident population‐based cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84:1258–1264. PubMed

Williams‐Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow‐up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain 2009;132(Pt 11):2958–2969. PubMed

Williams‐Gray CH, Foltynie T, Brayne CE, Robbins TW, Barker RA. Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Brain 2007;130(Pt 7):1787–1798. PubMed

Kehagia AA, Barker RA, Robbins TW. Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1200–1213. PubMed

Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord 2008;23:837–844. PubMed

Litvan I, Goldman JG, Troster AI, et al. Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Movement Disorder Society Task Force guidelines. Mov Disord 2012;27:349–356. PubMed PMC

Dubois B, Burn D, Goetz C, et al. Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: recommendations from the Movement Disorder Society Task Force. Mov Disord 2007;22:2314–2324. PubMed

Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2007;22:1689–1707; quiz, 1837. PubMed

Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 2004;256:183–194. PubMed

Troster AI. A precis of recent advances in the neuropsychology of mild cognitive impairment(s) in Parkinson's disease and a proposal of preliminary research criteria. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2011;17:393–406. PubMed

Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams‐Gray C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology 2010;75:1062–1069. PubMed PMC

Pedersen KF, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB, Alves G. Prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in early Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study. JAMA Neurol 2013;70:580–586. PubMed

Broeders M, de Bie RM, Velseboer DC, Speelman JD, Muslimovic D, Schmand B. Evolution of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2013;81:346–352. PubMed

Schrag A, Jahanshahi M, Quinn N. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:308–312. PubMed PMC

Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Karlsen K, Lim NG, Tandberg E. Mental symptoms in Parkinson's disease are important contributors to caregiver distress. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;14:866–874. PubMed

Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Ehrt U, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia: frequency, profile and associated care giver stress. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:36–42. PubMed PMC

Vossius C, Larsen JP, Janvin C, Aarsland D. The economic impact of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011;26:1541–1544. PubMed

Pirogovsky E, Schiehser DM, Obtera KM, et al. Instrumental activities of daily living are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology 2014;28:229–237. PubMed

Yarnall AJ, Breen DP, Duncan GW, et al. Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in incident Parkinson disease: the ICICLE‐PD study. Neurology 2014;82:308–316. PubMed PMC

Biundo R, Weis L, Pilleri M, et al. Diagnostic and screening power of neuropsychological testing in detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013;120(4):627–633. PubMed

Goldman JG, Weis H, Stebbins G, Bernard B, Goetz CG. Clinical differences among mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:1129–1136. PubMed PMC

Goldman JG, Holden S, Bernard B, Ouyang B, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT. Defining optimal cutoff scores for cognitive impairment using Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013;28:1972–1979. PubMed PMC

Stefanova E, Žiropadja L, Stojković T, et al. Mild Cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease using the Movement Disorder Society Task Force Criteria: cross‐sectional study in Hoehn and Yahr Stage 1. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015;40:199–209. PubMed

Geurtsen GJ, Hoogland J, Goldman JG, et al. Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment: application and validation of the criteria. J Parkinsons Dis 2014;4:131–137. PubMed PMC

Marras C, Troster AI, Kulisevsky J, Stebbins GT. The tools of the trade: a state of the art “How to Assess Cognition” in the patient with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014;29:584–596. PubMed

Bezdicek O, Stepankova H. Martinec Novakova L, Kopecek M. Toward the processing speed theory of activities of daily living in healthy aging: normative data of the Functional Activities Questionnaire. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016;28:239–247. PubMed

Kopecek M, Stepankova H, Lukavsky J, Ripova D, Nikolai T, Bezdicek O. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): normative data for old and very old Czech adults. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2016. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1065261. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed DOI

Bezdíček O, Lukavský J, Preiss M. Validizační studie české verze dotazníku FAQ [Functional Activities Questionnaire, Czech version: a validation study]. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2011;74/107:36–42.

Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico‐pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181–184. PubMed PMC

Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S, Rick C, Gray R, Clarke CE. Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010;25:2649–2653. PubMed

Bezdicek O, Michalec J, Nikolai T, et al. Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in differentiating mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and normative data. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015;39:303–311. PubMed

Bezdicek O, Moták L, Axelrod BN, et al. Czech version of the Trail Making Test: normative data and clinical utility. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2012;27:906–914. PubMed

Bezdicek O, Lukavsky J, Stepankova H, et al. The Prague Stroop Test: Normative standards in older Czech adults and discriminative validity for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015;37:794–807. PubMed

Nikolai T, Štěpánková H, Michalec J, et al. Testy verbální fluence, česká normativní studie pro osoby vyššího véku [Verbal fluency tests. Czech normative study for older persons]. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2015;78/111:292–299.

Bezdicek O, Stepankova H, Moták L, et al. Czech version of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test: normative data. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2014;21:693–721. PubMed

Solomon SR, Sawilowsky SS. Impact of rank‐based normalizing transformations on the accuracy of test scores. J Mod Appl Stat Meth 2009;8:448–462.

Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.

Shirk SD, Mitchell MB, Shaughnessy LW, et al. A web‐based normative calculator for the uniform data set (UDS) neuropsychological test battery. Alzheimers Res Ther 2011;3:32. PubMed PMC

Glikmann‐Johnston Y, Oren N, Hendler T, Shapira‐Lichter I. Distinct functional connectivity of the hippocampus during semantic and phonemic fluency. Neuropsychologia 2015;69:39–49. PubMed

Chiaravalloti ND, Ibarretxe‐Bilbao N, DeLuca J, et al. The source of the memory impairment in Parkinson's disease: acquisition versus retrieval. Mov Disord 2014;29:765–771. PubMed

Tanner JJ, Mareci TH, Okun MS, Bowers D, Libon DJ, Price CC. Temporal lobe and frontal‐subcortical dissociations in non‐demented Parkinson's disease with verbal memory impairment. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0133792. PubMed PMC

Bronnick K, Alves G, Aarsland D, Tysnes OB, Larsen JP. Verbal memory in drug‐naive, newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. The retrieval deficit hypothesis revisited. Neuropsychology 2011;25:114–124. PubMed

Mak E, Su L, Williams GB, et al. Baseline and longitudinal grey matter changes in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: ICICLE‐PD study. Brain 2015;138(Pt 10):2974–2986. PubMed PMC

Pirogovsky‐Turk E, Filoteo JV, Litvan I, Harrington DL. Structural MRI correlates of episodic memory processes in Parkinson's disease without mild cognitive impairment. J Parkinsons Dis 2015;5:971–981. PubMed PMC

Goldman JG, Holden S, Ouyang B, Bernard B, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT. Diagnosing PD‐MCI by MDS Task Force criteria: how many and which neuropsychological tests? Mov Disord 2015;30:402–406. PubMed PMC

Villeneuve S, Rodrigues‐Brazete J, Joncas S, Postuma RB, Latreille V, Gagnon JF. Validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale to detect mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behavior disorder. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2011;31:210–217. PubMed

Kulisevsky J, Pagonabarraga J. Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: tools for diagnosis and assessment. Mov Disord 2009;24:1103–1110. PubMed

Llebaria G, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J, et al. Cut‐off score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for screening dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:1546–1550. PubMed

Directed functional connectivity of the sensorimotor system in young and older individuals

The Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation

Determining a Short Form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA) Czech Version: Validity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Parkinson's Disease and Cross-Cultural Comparison

Separate neural representations of depression, anxiety and apathy in Parkinson's disease