Adipocytokines are hormonally active molecules that are believed to play a key role in the regulation of crucial biological processes in the human body. Numerous experimental studies established significant alterations in the adipokine secretion patterns throughout pregnancy. The exact etiology of various gestational complications, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal growth abnormalities, needs to be fully elucidated. The discovery of adipokines raised questions about their potential contribution to the molecular pathophysiology of those diseases. Multiple studies analyzed their local mRNA expression and circulating protein levels. However, most studies report conflicting results. Several adipokines such as leptin, resistin, irisin, apelin, chemerin, and omentin were proposed as potential novel early markers of heterogeneous gestational complications. The inclusion of the adipokines in the standard predictive multifactorial models could improve their prognostic values. Nonetheless, their independent diagnostic value is mostly insufficient to be implemented into standard clinical practice. Routine assessments of adipokine levels during pregnancy are not recommended in the management of both normal and complicated pregnancies. Based on the animal models (e.g., apelin and its receptors in the rodent preeclampsia models), future implementation of adipokines and their receptors as new therapeutic targets appears promising but requires further validation in humans.

Department of Anatomy Poznań University of Medical Sciences 60 781 Poznan Poland

Department of Histology and Embryology Poznań University of Medical Sciences 60 781 Poznan Poland

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Masaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Reproduction Chair of Obstetrics Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Poznań University of Medical Sciences 60 535 Poznan Poland

Department of Veterinary Surgery Institute of Veterinary Medicine Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 87 100 Torun Poland

Physiology Graduate Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 7608 USA

Student's Scientific Society Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 806 Poznan Poland

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