Deadwood represents an important carbon stock and contributes to climate change mitigation. Wood decomposition is mainly driven by fungal communities. Their composition is known to change during decomposition, but it is unclear how environmental factors such as wood chemistry affect these successional patterns through their effects on dominant fungal taxa. We analysed the deadwood of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba across a deadwood succession series of >40 years in a natural fir-beech forest in the Czech Republic to describe the successional changes in fungal communities, fungal abundance and enzymatic activities and to link these changes to environmental variables. The fungal communities showed high levels of spatial variability and beta diversity. In young deadwood, fungal communities showed higher similarity among tree species, and fungi were generally less abundant, less diverse and less active than in older deadwood. pH and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were the best predictors of the fungal community composition, and they affected the abundance of half of the dominant fungal taxa. The relative abundance of most of the dominant taxa tended to increase with increasing pH or C/N, possibly indicating that acidification and atmospheric N deposition may shift the community composition towards species that are currently less dominant.

Department of Forest Ecology The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening Lidická 25 27 60200 Brno Czech Republic

Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Praha 4 Czech Republic

The School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand

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Factors Controlling Dead Wood Decomposition in an Old-Growth Temperate Forest in Central Europe

Fungal Community Development in Decomposing Fine Deadwood Is Largely Affected by Microclimate