The interest in stem cell research continuously increased over the last decades, becoming one of the most important trends in the 21st century medicine. Stem cell-based therapies have a potential to become a solution for a range of currently untreatable diseases, such as spinal cord injuries, type I diabetes, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, stroke, and osteoarthritis. Hence, this study, based on canine material, aims to investigate the molecular basis of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation into chondrocytes, to serve as a transcriptomic reference for further research aiming to introduce ASC into treatment of bone and cartilage related diseases, such as osteoarthritis in veterinary medicine. Adipose tissue samples were harvested from a canine specimen subjected to a routine ovariohysterecromy procedure at an associated veterinary clinic. The material was treated for ASC isolation and chondrogenic differentiation. RNA samples were isolated at day 1 of culture, day 30 of culture in unsupplemented culture media, and day 30 of culture in chondrogenic differentiation media. The resulting RNA was analyzed using RNAseq assays, with the results validated by RT-qPCR. Between differentiated chondrocytes, early and late cultures, most up- and down-regulated genes in each comparison were selected for further analysis., there are several genes (e.g., MMP12, MPEG1, CHI3L1, and CD36) that could be identified as new markers of chondrogenesis and the influence of long-term culture conditions on ASCs. The results of the study prove the usefulness of the in vitro culture model, providing further molecular insight into the processes associated with ASC culture and differentiation. Furthermore, the knowledge obtained could be used as a molecular reference for future in vivo and clinical studies.

Center for Advanced Technology Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University 61 614 Poznan Poland

Department of Anatomy Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 701 Poznan Poland

Department of Cancer Immunology Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 61 866 Poznan Poland

Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences Institute of Veterinary Medicine Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87 100 Torun Poland

Department of Histology and Embryology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 701 Poznan Poland

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital and Masaryk University 601 77 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Veterinary Surgery Institute of Veterinary Medicine Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun 87 100 Torun Poland

Doctoral School Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 701 Poznan Poland

Gene Therapy Laboratory Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology Greater Poland Cancer Centre 61 866 Poznan Poland

Prestage Department of Poultry Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

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