Several authors have attributed the explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1965 to a toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O37 based on unverified metadata associated with three particular strains from the American Type Culture Collection. Here, by sequencing the original strain preserved at the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures since 1966, we show that the strain responsible for this outbreak was actually a V. cholerae O5 that lacks the genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus protein and Vibrio pathogenicity islands present in V. cholerae O37 strains.

ATCC 10801 University Boulevard Manassas VA 20110 USA

Czech National Collection of Type Cultures National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic

Institut Pasteur Université Paris Cité Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques Centre National de Référence Vibrions et Choléra Paris France

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