Kazuistika popisuje případ mladé pacientky s diabetem 2. typu léčené empagliflozinem, u které se rozvinula těžká ketoacidóza s poruchou vědomí, jejíž stav se upravil až po akutní hemodialýze. Příčinou ketoacidózy byla patrně potenciace ketogeneze vlivem empagliflozinu při opakovaném zvracení, dehydrataci a delším lačnění po gastroenteritidě vlivem dietní chyby. Dále se rozvinula těžká hemolytická anemie s nutností podání transfuzních preparátů, velmi pravděpodobně následkem ketoacidózy u pacientky s deficitem glukóza-6-fosfát dehydrogenázy.

The case report presents a young patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with empagliflozin, who developed severe metabolic acidosis with loss of consciousness. Her condition improved after acute haemodialysis. Cause of this ketoacidosis was likely prolonged fasting after gastroenteritis from a bad meal, enforced by empagliflozin. The patient furthermore developed haemolytic anaemia that was treated with blood transfusions. Cause of haemolytic anaemia was very likely ketoacidosis in a known glucose-6-phosphate deficiency.

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis diagnosis   etiology   virology   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Infections diagnosis   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Respiratory Tract Infections diagnosis   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Urinary Tract Infections diagnosis   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Wound Infection diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases * diagnosis   etiology   classification   microbiology   MeSH
• Foodborne Diseases diagnosis   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Blood-Borne Pathogens MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Several authors have attributed the explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1965 to a toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O37 based on unverified metadata associated with three particular strains from the American Type Culture Collection. Here, by sequencing the original strain preserved at the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures since 1966, we show that the strain responsible for this outbreak was actually a V. cholerae O5 that lacks the genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus protein and Vibrio pathogenicity islands present in V. cholerae O37 strains.

• MeSH
• Cholera * epidemiology   microbiology   history   MeSH
• Cholera Toxin genetics   MeSH
• Disease Outbreaks * MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * microbiology   epidemiology   history   MeSH
• Genomic Islands MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Serogroup MeSH
• Vibrio cholerae * genetics   classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Editorial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH

V době od 28. března do 2. dubna 2023 onemocnělo akutní gastroenteritidou po konzumaci pokrmů z potravy celkem 135 osob (52 mužů a 83 žen) ve věku od 2 do 79 let z celkového počtu 339 exponovaných osob (339 vydaných porcí). Attack rate činil 39,82 %. Nákaza měla středně těžký až těžký průběh s dobou trvání až několik dnů. Celkem 8 osob bylo hospitalizováno ve zdravotnických zařízeních, další desítky osob byly ambulantně ošetřeny. V rámci této kauzy bylo provedeno celkem 102 odběrů biologického materiálu a 51 odběrů z potravin a prostředí. Souběžně byla prováděna též mnohočetná epidemiologická šetření a probíhala úzká spolupráce zejména s odborem hygieny výživy. Laboratorní výsledky vyšetření odebraných biologických materiálů (rektálních výtěrů) na bakteriologii byly v 99 případech pozitivní na agens Salmonella Thompson a 3krát byla potvrzena pozitivita u vzorků z potravin a z prostředí. Finálně bylo potvrzeno, že kmeny S. Thompson z odebraných vzorků tvořily jednoznačně identifikovatelný cluster, a to izolovaný cluster geneticky souvisejících izolátů, který se nacházel pouze v ČR.

Between 28 March and 2 April 2023, a total of 135 persons (52 males and 83 females) aged between 2 and 79 years contracted acute gastroenteritis after consuming food, out of a total of 339 exposed persons (339 servings dispensed). The attack rate was 39.82%. The course of the infection was moderate to severe with a duration of up to several days, and a total of 8 persons were hospitalized in health care facilities, while dozens of other persons were treated as outpatients. A total of 102 biological material samples and 51 food and environmental samples were taken in this case. Concurrently, multiple epidemiological investigations were also carried out and close cooperation was maintained, in particular with the Division of Food Hygiene. The laboratory results of bacteriological testing of the collected biological materials (rectal swabs) were positive for Salmonella Thompson in 99 cases, and positivity was confirmed 3 times in food and environmental samples. Finally, it was confirmed that the S. Thompson strains from the collected samples formed a uniquely identifiable cluster, namely an isolated cluster of genetically related isolates that was found only in the Czech Republic.

• Keywords
• Salmonella Thompson,
• MeSH
• Epidemics MeSH
• Hygiene MeSH
• Food Contamination analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbiological Techniques MeSH
• Restaurants MeSH
• Salmonella isolation & purification   MeSH
• Salmonella Infections * diagnosis   epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging.In this study, nanoscale silica-coated and uncoated stainless-steel surfaces and plucking fingers were compared on a pilot scale regarding attachment and detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli.The bacteria did not adhere less to the coated plucking fingers or stainless-steel sections than to the uncoated ones. The coating also did not lead to a significant difference in detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli from the investigated surfaces compared to the uncoated ones.Our study did not reveal any differences between the coated and uncoated surfaces with regard to the investigated bacteria. In order to achieve a better adaptation of the coating to slaughterhouse conditions, future studies should focus on its further development based on the investigation of specific coating parameters.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion * MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni * drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Poultry microbiology   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * growth & development   physiology   MeSH
• Abattoirs * MeSH
• Food Contamination prevention & control   analysis   MeSH
• Meat microbiology   MeSH
• Stainless Steel * MeSH
• Silicon Dioxide chemistry   MeSH
• Food Microbiology MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis * drug effects   physiology   growth & development   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Pediatrics MeSH

• Conspectus
• Pediatrie
• NML Fields
• pediatrie
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * diagnosis   drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Intussusception * surgery   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Meckel Diverticulum surgery   diagnostic imaging   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * etiology   drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Agents * pharmacology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Probiotics pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Akutní virové gastroenteritidy (GE) jsou celosvětově a také v České republice (ČR) závažným problémem, zejména u dětí. V článku jsou popsány základní epidemiologické charakteristiky těchto onemocnění v ČR v letech 2018–2022, stručně je zmíněn jejich klinický obraz, diagnostika, léčba a prevence. Celkem bylo v uvedeném období v elektronickém Informačním systému infekční nemoci (ISIN) hlášeno 43 720 virových gastroenteritid (dg. A08), z čehož 22267 (51 %) bylo rotavirových (RGE), 13634 (31 %) norovirových (NGE) a 5447 (12,5 %) adenovirových (AGE). Průměrná roční incidence u RGE byla 42/100 000, u NGE 25,7/100 000 a u AGE dosahovala 10,3/100 000 obyvatel. Muži byli zastoupeni mezi nemocnými u RGE v 48,8 %, u NGE v 44,3 %, a u AGE v 53 %. Onemocnění se vyskytovala celoročně. Hospitalizováno bylo 70,6 % osob u RGE, 50,3 % osob u NGE a 55,7 % osob u AGE. Nejvyšší věkově specifická incidence byla u RGE, NGE i AGE zjištěna u kojenců a ve věkové skupině 1–4 roky. Většina případů GE byla hlášena jako sporadické případy. Celkem bylo hlášeno 114 epidemií/klastrů s dg. A08, nejvyšší počet případů v epidemii byl 245. Z celkového počtu případů bylo 11,9 % hlášeno v rámci epidemie/klastru, u RGE to bylo 2,6 % případů, u NGE 33 %, u AGE nebyla v uvedeném období epidemie zaznamenána. V průběhu pandemie covid-19 byl zaznamenán pokles výskytu uvedených onemocnění. Prevence virových střevních nákaz je nespecifická, založená na dodržování správné hygienické praxe. Proti RGE je v ČR od roku 2008 doporučeno očkování.

Acute viral gastroenteritis (GE) is a serious problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic, especially in children. The article describes the basic epidemiological characteristics of these diseases in the Czech Republic in 2018-2022, briefly mentions their clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A total of 43,720 cases of viral gastroenteritis (dg. A08) were reported in the electronic Infectious Disease Information System (ISIN) during the period, of which 22,267 (51%) were caused by rotaviruses (RGE), 13,634 (31%) by noroviruses (NGE) and 5,447 (12.5%) by adenoviruses (AGE). The average annual incidence rate was 42/100,000 for RGE, 25.7/100,000 for NGE and 10.3/100,000 for AGE. Among the patients, in RGE males represented 48.8%, 44.3% in NGE, and 53% in AGE. The diseases occurred year-round. Hospitalization rates were 70.6% for RGE, 50.3% for NGE and 55.7% for AGE. The highest age-specific incidence rates for RGE, NGE and AGE were found in infants and in the age group 1-4 years'. Most of the GE cases were reported as sporadic cases. A total of 114 epidemics/clusters were reported with dg. A08, the highest number of cases in an epidemic was 245. Of the total number of cases, 11.9% were reported in epidemic/cluster, of RGE 2.6% were clusters, of NGE 33% and no epidemic was reported in AGE during this period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in the incidence of these diseases was observed. Prevention of viral enteric infections is non-specific, based on adherence to good hygiene practices. Vaccination against RGE has been recommended in the Czech Republic since 2008.

• MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Disease Notification MeSH
• Inpatients statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Virus Diseases * epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• News MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Mimojícnové eozinofilní onemocnění zažívacího traktu je skupina vzácných diagnóz, které spolu s eozinofilní ezofagitidou spadají pod eozinofilní gastrointestinální onemocnění. Jejich diagnostika se opírá o průkaz eozinofilní infiltrace tubulárního zažívacího traktu, velmi heterogenní gastrointestinální symptomatologii a vyloučení sekundární příčiny s širokou diferenciální diagnostikou. První linie léčby je spojena se snahou identifikovat možný potravinový spouštěč a dle tíže i systémová či lokální kortikoidní terapie. Absence větších klinických studií doposud neumožňuje vypracování standardizovaných mezioborových doporučení. To činí diagnostiku a léčbu nadále obtížnou.

Extraesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are a group of rare diagnoses that, together with eosinophilic esophagitis belongs to eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. The diagnostic is based on evidence of eosinophilic infiltration of the tubular digestive tract, very heterogeneous gastrointestinal symptomatology and the exclusion of a secondary cause with a wide differential diagnosis. The first line of treatment is associated with an effort to identify a possible food trigger and according to severity systemic or local corticoid therapy. The absence of larger clinical studies does not allow the development of standardized interdisciplinary recommendations. This makes diagnosis and treatment difficult.

• Keywords
• non-EoE EGID,
• MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Elimination Diets MeSH
• Enteritis MeSH
• Eosinophilia * diagnosis   diet therapy   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Gastritis MeSH
• Gastroenteritis * diagnosis   diet therapy   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Colitis MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH