• MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use   MeSH
• Fluorescein Angiography methods   utilization   MeSH
• Flurbiprofen therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cataract therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Macular Edema * drug therapy   MeSH
• Miosis drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Ophthalmic Solutions * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures * utilization   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Patient Compliance MeSH
• Conjunctivitis, Allergic drug therapy   MeSH
• Chalazion therapy   MeSH
• Iritis therapy   MeSH
• Cataract drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Macular Edema therapy   MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
• Eye Diseases * drug therapy   MeSH
• Ophthalmic Solutions * administration & dosage   pharmacokinetics   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Prednisolone therapeutic use   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Uveitis therapy   MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Inflammation * drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

OBJECTIVE: In most indicators of the way of life, the Roma community is generally different from the majority population and dominant culture. The objective of the study was to describe factors affecting the health of the Roma living in Slovakia, with an emphasis on the sexual and reproductive health of Roma women, and report on the results of analysis of high-risk pregnancies of Roma women in the district of Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical documentation was used. The results were analyzed using the absolute and relative frequencies. Statistical methods were used. RESULTS: A total of 1,256 high-risk pregnancies were analyzed, of which 622 (49.52%) were in Roma women. The average age of Roma respondents was lower by 5 years compared to non-Roma. The age of Roma women at the first pregnancy was statistically significantly lower compared to non-Roma (p < 0.001). The Roma respondents achieved statistically significantly lower levels of education than non-Roma. There was a demonstrably higher number of pregnancies as well as a higher number of artificial and spontaneous abortions per Roma woman. These results were statistically significant. For Roma women, pregnancy began to be risky demonstrably earlier than for non-Roma (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in attending prenatal counselling. Roma women attended prenatal counselling statistically significantly less frequently than non-Roma (p < 0.001). A significant statistical dependence was found between attending prenatal counselling and the onset of pregnancy problems in Roma women. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other diseases associated with high-risk pregnancy among Roma and non-Roma respondents. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that Roma women are exposed to health problems in the area of sexual and reproductive health in Slovakia. In the approach to the Roma, it is essential to focus on improving accessibility to health care, prevention, knowledgeableness and effectively preventing, eradicating and strongly penalizing all forms of discrimination in access to health care, especially for Roma women, who are more likely to receive health care.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Abortion, Induced statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Pregnancy Complications ethnology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Parity MeSH
• Prenatal Care statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Reproductive Health ethnology   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Pregnancy, High-Risk ethnology   MeSH
• Roma ethnology   MeSH
• Abortion, Spontaneous ethnology   MeSH
• Reproductive Health Services statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Social Determinants of Health MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Antiporters * genetics   MeSH
• Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters MeSH
• Spherocytosis, Hereditary genetics   MeSH
• Genes, Dominant MeSH
• Erythrocytes metabolism   MeSH
• H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase MeSH
• Heterozygote MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Acidosis, Renal Tubular * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by defective urinary acidification by the distal nephron. Cl-/HCO3- exchange mediated by the AE1 anion exchanger in the basolateral membrane of type A intercalated cells is thought to be an essential component of lumenal H+ secretion by collecting duct intercalated cells. We evaluated the AE1 gene as a possible candidate gene for familial dRTA. We found in three unrelated families with autosomal dominant dRTA that all clinically affected individuals were heterozygous for a single missense mutation encoding the mutant AE1 polypeptide R589H. Patient red cells showed approximately 20% reduction in sulfate influx of normal 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid sensitivity and pH dependence. Recombinant kidney AE1 R589H expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed 20-50% reduction in Cl-/Cl- and Cl-/HCO3- exchange, but did not display a dominant negative phenotype for anion transport when coexpressed with wild-type AE1. One apparently unaffected individual for whom acid-loading data were unavailable also was heterozygous for the mutation. Thus, in contrast to previously described heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in AE1 associated with red cell abnormalities and apparently normal renal acidification, the heterozygous hypomorphic AE1 mutation R589H is associated with dominant dRTA and normal red cells.

• MeSH
• Antiporters * genetics   MeSH
• Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters MeSH
• Chlorides metabolism   MeSH
• Genes, Dominant * MeSH
• Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte * genetics   MeSH
• Erythrocytes physiology   MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Genetic Linkage MeSH
• Genetic Markers MeSH
• Haplotypes MeSH
• Heterozygote MeSH
• Bicarbonates metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 MeSH
• Microsatellite Repeats MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Recombinant Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Acidosis, Renal Tubular etiology   genetics   MeSH
• Sulfates metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH

The use of eCommerce solutions in the German health care market is hindered by fragmented solutions and lack of guidance to the use of standards. Especially the area of procurement is mainly dominated by proprietary solutions. Also, the splits in the area of information transfer - which are attributable to the non-coverage usage of standards – result in delays, transcription errors, wrong orders and patient confusion. The project ”Standards zur Unterstützung von eCommerce im Gesundheitswesen” (eCG) w a s launched in August 2012 and i s funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy – ”Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie” (BMWi) – within the programme ”Mittelstand Digital”. The eCG project consortium consists of ”Hochschule Niederrhein” (HSNR), ”Zentrum für Informations- und Medizintechnik der Universitätsklinik Heidelberg” (ZIM), The German Medical Technology Association ”Bundesverband der Medizintechnologie” (BVMed e.V.) and ”Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise” in Germany (IHE Deutschland e.V.). One of the main goals of this project is to design a sustainable supply system for healthcare and subsequently produce a significant increase of potentials for efficiency within the health sector by developing interoperability between different, already used standards in the healthcare and the logistics domain. After a literature research and analyses of business processes in hospital new IHE Integration Profiles were modeled in order to describe the interaction between different (software) actors in a hospital starting with ordering products in a point of care until buying it by an external vendor. These profiles are described in an implementation guide ”eSupply in Healthcare”. For transactions between the actors HL7 v2 messages and GS1 standard were used.

• MeSH
• Central Supply, Hospital * organization & administration   MeSH
• Medical Informatics * MeSH
• Health Information Management methods   standards   MeSH
• Materials Management, Hospital MeSH
• Health Information Systems * MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Lecture MeSH

The cationic sensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) forms supramolecular complexes with native, per-methylated, sulfonated and dimethyl-sulfonated cyclodextrins (CDs). Binding interactions were proved by NMR, mass spectra, capillary zone electrophoresis, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The 2D-NMR experiments on native CDs indicate that the interaction of TMPyP with the external CD surface is the dominant binding mode. The high binding affinity of TMPyP towards sulfonated CDs is due to electrostatic interactions. Binding is accompanied by an increase of the TMPyP basicity. Whereas betaCD does not affect the lifetime of the TMPyP triplet states, binding with sulfonated CDs causes the protonation of the TMPyP triplet states even in neutral solution. The diprotonated anionic sensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPSH(2)(2+)) forms host-guest complexes with native betaCD and gammaCD, similarly as in its non-protonated state. The positive charge of pyrrole nitrogen atoms does not significantly influence the mode of the interaction. In contrast to TMPyP, the lifetimes of the triplet states of bound TPPSH(2)(2+) to native CDs increase.

• MeSH
• Absorption drug effects   MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Cyclodextrins pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Capillary MeSH
• Photochemotherapy MeSH
• Photosensitizing Agents chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Mass Spectrometry MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH
• Drug Carriers pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• Porphyrins chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Palladium-silver system alloyed with other metals represents one of possible material choices in prosthetics. Its corrosion properties are influenced by minority components added in order to obtain the properties required for stomatological purposes. The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of copper on the corrosion mechanism of palladium-silver alloys. METHODS: Corrosion properties of four palladium-silver-copper alloys were compared with the behavior of the palladium-silver binary system. Standard electrochemical measurements in a model saliva solution were complemented with an XPS analysis of the specimens surface. Experimental data were compared with the results of thermodynamic analysis. RESULTS: The foregoing study revealed formation of a saline layer of insoluble silver compounds as the dominant feature of the corrosion mechanism in a binary system. This process is suppressed in ternary alloys where electrochemical reactions of copper take place on the alloy-electrolyte phase boundary leading to the formation of a layer based on copper oxides. SIGNIFICANCE: The alloying of the palladium-silver binary system with copper results in an important change in the corrosion behavior of ternary alloys. A change in the mechanism of interaction with the environment leads to susceptibility to non-uniform corrosion.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Electrochemistry MeSH
• Corrosion MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Copper * chemistry   MeSH
• Electron Probe Microanalysis MeSH
• Saliva, Artificial * chemistry   MeSH
• Palladium * chemistry   MeSH
• Potentiometry MeSH
• Surface Properties MeSH
• Silver * chemistry   MeSH
• Thermodynamics MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Dental Alloys * chemistry   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an important cyanobacterial toxin posing a major threat to surface waters during cyanobacterial blooms. Hence, methods for cyanotoxin removal are required to confront seasonal or local incidences to sustain the safety of potable water reservoirs. Non-thermal plasmas provide the possibility for an environmentally benign treatment which can be adapted to specific concentrations and environmental conditions without the need of additional chemicals. We therefore investigated the potential of two different non-thermal plasma approaches for CYN degradation, operated either in a water mist, i.e. in air, or submerged in water. A degradation efficacy of 0.03 ± 0.00 g kWh-1 L-1 was found for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operated in air, while a submerged pulsed corona-like discharge resulted in an efficacy of 0.24 ± 0.02 g kWh-1 L-1. CYN degradation followed a pseudo zeroth order or pseudo first order reaction kinetic, respectively. Treatment efficacy of the corona-like discharge submerged in water increased with pH values of the initial solution changing from 5.0 to 7.5. Notably, a pH-depending residual oxidative effect was observed for the submerged discharge, resulting in ongoing CYN degradation, even without further plasma treatment. In this case hydroxyl radicals were identified as the dominant oxidants of CYN at acidic pH values. In comparison, degradation by the DBD could be related primarily to the generation of ozone.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Toxins MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical * MeSH
• Hydroxyl Radical MeSH
• Ozone * MeSH
• Cyanobacteria * MeSH
• Uracil analogs & derivatives   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Prohibice je globálně dominantním konceptem pro regulaci a kontrolu psychoaktivních látek již téměř 70 let. Její účinnost a legitimita jakožto udržitelného řešení problémů spojených s existencí psychoaktivních látek ve společnosti byla opakovaně zpochybněna. Je založena na normativním předpokladu, že užívat psychoaktivní látky jinak než v léčebném kontextu se nesmí a nemedicínské nakládání s nimi by mělo být přísně trestáno. To znemožňuje využití širokého spektra regulačních, veřejnozdravotních, preventivních a harm reduction strategií a je příčinou snížení společenského blahobytu a škod v oblasti lidskoprávní, zdravotní a sociální. Je proto načase nahradit prohibiční paradigma moderní regulací, která vezme v potaz různou škodlivost psychoaktivních látek a jejich rizika, ale také přínosy psychoaktivních látek v oblasti duševního zdraví a pohody, životního stylu a sociální koheze. Toto nové paradigma (tzv. chytrá regulace) by zejména mělo akceptovat užívání psychoaktivních látek mimo terapeutický kontext, používat trestní právo výjimečně jako krajní nástroj regulace lidského chování, regulovat dostupnost látek na základě jejich škodlivosti, regulovat rizikový profil produktu, přísně regulovat marketing a reklamu, chránit před nabídkou psychoaktivních látek nezletilé a okolí uživatelů, chránit legální trh před nabídkou látek z nelegálního trhu a využívat ekonomické nástroje pro regulaci poptávky a jako zdroj prostředků pro prevenci a léčbu.

Prohibition has been the globally dominant concept for the regulation and control of psychoactive substances for nearly 70 years. Its effectiveness and legitimacy as a sustainable solution to the problems associated with the existence of psychoactive substances in society has been repeatedly questioned. It is based on the normative assumption that the use of psychoactive substances for other than therapeutic purposes is not allowed, and non-medical supply should be severely punished. This precludes the use of the full range of regulatory, public health, prevention, and harm reduction strategies, reduces well-being, and increases harms for the human-rights, health, and social cohesion. It is time to replace the prohibitionist paradigm with modern regulation that considers the different harms and risks of psychoactive substances, but also the benefits of psychoactive substances for mental health and well-being, lifestyle, and socialisation. This new paradigm (the so-called 'smart regulation') should accept non-medical use of psychoactive substances, apply criminal law as an exceptional tool to regulate human behaviour, regulate the availability of substances according to their harmfulness, regulate the risk profile of the product, strictly regulate marketing and advertising, protect minors and 'others' from the use and supply of psychoactive substances, protect the legal market from the supply of substances from the illegal market, and use economic instruments to regulate demand and to subsidise prevention and treatment.

• Keywords
• dekriminalizace drog,
• MeSH
• Drug and Narcotic Control legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Behavior, Addictive MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders MeSH
• National Health Programs * MeSH
• Psychotropic Drugs * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH