Gain/amplification of 1q21 (≥3 copies), a chromosomal abnormality frequently observed in multiple myeloma, can negatively affect prognosis, due to its involvement in resistance to anti-myeloma therapy and disease progression. In this updated subgroup analysis of the randomized, Phase 3 IKEMA study (NCT03275285) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), we evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) and depth of response with the anti-CD38 antibody isatuximab plus carfilzomib-dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) versus Kd, in 1q21+ patients and related subgroups, at long-term follow-up (44.2 months). Our analysis included patients with 1q21+ (≥3 copies, with/without high-risk chromosomal abnormality [HRCA]), isolated 1q21+ (≥3 copies, without HRCA), gain(1q21) (3 copies, with/without HRCA), and amp(1q21) (≥4 copies, with/without HRCA). PFS benefit was achieved with Isa-Kd versus Kd in patients with 1q21+ (HR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.92), with isolated 1q21+ (HR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.92), with gain(1q21), or amp(1q21), consistent with the overall population and prior interim 1q21+ subgroup analyses. Median PFS with Isa-Kd versus Kd was 25.8 versus 16.2 months in 1q21+ patients and 38.2 versus 16.2 months in patients with isolated 1q21+. Clinically meaningful, higher rates of very good partial response or better, complete response or better (≥CR), minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, and MRD negativity and ≥CR were reached with Isa-Kd versus Kd in patients with 1q21+, isolated 1q21+, gain(1q21), or amp(1q21). In Isa-Kd and Kd, the MRD negativity and ≥CR rate was 29.3% versus 15.4% in 1q21+ patients, 36.2% versus 12.9% in patients with isolated 1q21+, 27.9% versus 13.5% in patients with gain(1q21), and 31.3% versus 20.0% in patients with amp(1q21), respectively. In conclusion, addition of Isa to Kd in triplet combination therapy has shown PFS benefit and deeper responses, compared with Kd, in 1q21+ patients at higher risk of progression, including patients with isolated 1q21+, gain(1q21), and amp(1q21), thus supporting Isa-Kd an effective treatment option for patients with RRMM.
CONTEXT: Anti-CD38 antibody Isa in combination with Kd is approved in various countries for relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) patients after ≥1 prior therapy based on primary interim analysis (IA) of the Phase 3 IKEMA study (NCT03275285). OBJECTIVE: To report updated efficacy and safety results from IKEMA. Setting and Main Outcome Measures: This prespecified analysis (179 patients randomized to Isa-Kd, 123 to Kd) evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) (primary endpoint) at 159 PFS events, PFS2, minimal residual disease negativity (MRD-) rate, complete response (CR) rate, MRD- and CR rates in all patients, and safety. INTERVENTIONS: Isa 10 mg/kg was given IV weekly for 4 weeks and then every 2 weeks; Kd (20/56 mg/m2, twice weekly, 3/4 weeks) was administered in both arms. RESULTS: At cutoff (14-Jan-2022), with a 44-month median follow-up, 49 (27.4%) patients in Isa-Kd and 11 (8.9%) in Kd were still on treatment. Updated PFS, consistent with IA results, demonstrated significant benefit in favor of Isa-Kd (vs. Kd): HR=0.58 (95.4%CI=0.42-0.79; 35.7 vs. 19.2 months); PFS2 HR=0.68 (95%CI=0.50-0.94; 47.2 vs. 35.6 months). Primary PFS analysis, per FDA request/sensitivity analysis for other countries (censoring PFS events occurring >8 weeks after last valid assessment), was 41.7 versus 20.8 months (HR=0.59, 95%CI=0.42-0.83). With additional follow-up and using Hydrashift Isa immunofixation assay to rule out potential Isa interference in CR determination, final CR rate (Isa-Kd vs. Kd) was 44.1% versus 28.5% (OR=2.09, 95%CI=1.26-3.48); ORR was 86.6% versus 83.7%; MRD- was reached in 33.5% versus 15.4% patients (OR=2.78, 95%CI=1.55-4.99); and the rate of MRD- CR patients was 26.3% versus 12.2% (OR=2.57, 95%CI=1.35-4.88). Safety profiles in both arms remain consistent with prior IKEMA findings. Serious TEAEs were reported in 70.1% of Isa-Kd versus 59.8% Kd patients. The most common any-grade non-hematologic TEAEs in Isa-Kd were infusion reaction (45.8%), diarrhea (39.5%), hypertension (37.9%), and upper respiratory tract infection (37.3%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show unprecedented mPFS, CR, MRD-, and MRD- CR rates in non-lenalidomide containing regimens with benefits maintained through subsequent therapies and a manageable safety profile. Moreover, PFS analysis using FDA censoring rules showed consistent results with the IA. Our findings support Isa-Kd as a standard-of-care treatment for relapsed MM patients.
- MeSH
- dexamethason terapeutické užití MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru * farmakoterapie MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- oligopeptidy MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
During the last few years, several new drugs have been introduced for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, which have significantly improved the treatment outcome. All of these novel substances differ at least in part in their mode of action from similar drugs of the same drug class, or are representatives of new drug classes, and as such present with very specific side effect profiles. In this review, we summarize these adverse events, provide information on their prevention, and give practical guidance for monitoring of patients and for management of adverse events.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
