The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO3)2 NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO3)2 NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO3)2 NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.
- MeSH
- aktiny agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- alveolární makrofágy účinky léků imunologie patologie MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- dusičnany farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- inhalační expozice analýza MeSH
- interleukin-1alfa agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-1beta agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-6 agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- játra účinky léků imunologie patologie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- NF-kappa B agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- olovo farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- plíce účinky léků imunologie patologie MeSH
- poločas MeSH
- spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- TNF-alfa agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- transformující růstový faktor beta1 agonisté genetika imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The increasing amount of heavy metals used in manufacturing equivalently increases hazards of environmental pollution by industrial products such as cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Here, we aimed to unravel the CdO nanoparticle destiny upon their entry into lungs by inhalations, with the main focus on the ultrastructural changes that the nanoparticles may cause to tissues of the primary and secondary target organs. We indeed found the CdO nanoparticles to be transported from the lungs into secondary target organs by blood. In lungs, inhaled CdO nanoparticles caused significant alterations in parenchyma tissue including hyperemia, enlarged pulmonary septa, congested capillaries, alveolar emphysema and small areas of atelectasis. Nanoparticles were observed in the cytoplasm of cells lining bronchioles, in the alveolar spaces as well as inside the membranous pneumocytes and in phagosomes of lung macrophages. Nanoparticles even penetrated through the membrane into some organelles including mitochondria and they also accumulated in the cytoplasmic vesicles. In livers, inhalation caused periportal inflammation and local hepatic necrosis. Only minor changes such as diffusely thickened filtration membrane with intramembranous electron dense deposits were observed in kidney. Taken together, inhaled CdO nanoparticles not only accumulated in lungs but they were also transported to other organs causing serious damage at tissue as well as cellular level.
- MeSH
- játra metabolismus patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- kadmium škodlivé účinky krev MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nadechnutí * MeSH
- nanočástice škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- oxidy škodlivé účinky krev chemie metabolismus MeSH
- plíce metabolismus patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- slezina metabolismus patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia škodlivé účinky krev chemie metabolismus MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
