OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study is to discover and analyse the utilization of health impact assessment (HIA) among HIA certificate holders, and to ascertain their opinions on the current situation in the Czech Republic and on the possible future nationwide implementation of health impact assessment. METHODS: The target group of the research was identified as holders of professional competence certificates in the field of public health impact assessment. A structured questionnaire was developed. The first part mapped the recent use of HIA in the Czech Republic, the second addressed the issue of linking HIA to regional policies and to the national strategy, the third aimed to gain information about the preparedness of the Czech Republic for the full implementation of HIA, and the last part focused on quality assessment and capacity building for HIA. RESULTS: The results of the survey point to the inconsistencies in the perception of the whole concept of HIA in the Czech Republic by the professional public, and also to a shortage of experts in this area. There is only a narrow circle of experts, especially in the field of health care. It also lacks an informational base, which assist in the unification of processes in this area. As the results of the questionnaire showed, the problems are the lack of interest in the application of the HIA method and, subsequently, the lack of demand. CONCLUSION: The collected data showed obstacles and gaps in the implementation of the HIA methodology in the Czech Republic. At the same time it has revealed possible ways to change the current situation, based on the opinions of those who practice this methodology in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hodnocení vlivů na zdraví * MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví - praxe * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background: Over a few decades obesity has become a major global health problem. Its prevalence worldwide has more than doubled since 1980. The situation is expected to worsen in the future, especially in the developing countries that experience nutrition transition due to economic growth. It contributes to reduction in malnutrition which supports an increase in obesity prevalence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of obesity in the region of East Africa. Methods: Meta-analysis of existing studies was used in order to find the different risk factors and their significance in obesity development. Data extracted from 16 published academic research articles described the situation in East African countries. The significance of the effect of each variable was tested by means of an asymptotic chi-square test, or Fisher's exact (factorial) test and the risk ratios were calculated. Results: Based on the chi-square test and the risk ratios of the aggregated data, three risk factors were found to be significant in the development of obesity - gender, type of residence and socio-economic status. In East African countries, women are significantly more likely to be obese. Living in an urban area and socioeconomic status are also positively associated with obesity. Because of insufficient data three other risk factors did not prove to be of any significance - alcohol consumption, smoking and education level. Conclusion: Conclusions of this meta-analysis confirm world trends but we also found results that are not in line with them (e.g. education). This meta-analysis confirms the huge existing research gap concerning obesity predictors in the East African region.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• psychologický odstup * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Afrika MeSH

Plošná implementace hodnocení vlivů na zdraví (Health Impact Assessment) v České republice stojí na rozcestí. Inspirovat a poučit se můžeme z implementačních modelů zemí, které mají tuto výzvu již za sebou. Zde existují dva základní přístupy: zakotvení do legislativy (tzv. Top-down přístup) a právního rámce, anebo skrz úroveň obcí (tzv. Bottom-up přístup). Příkladem první varianty je slovenský model, příkladem druhé je dánský model implementace. Článek analyzuje ukotvení HIA v právních předpisech v České republice a hledá inspiraci, pozitiva a výzvy u dvou výše zmíněných modelů.

Nationwide implementation of Health Impact Assessment in the Czech Republic stands at a crossroads. We can learn and find inspiration from HIA implementation models in countries where this challenge has already been successfully addressed. There are two main approaches: anchorage in legislation and legal framework (Top-down approach) and implementation through municipalities and cities (Bottom-up approach). Slovak and Danish models of implementation are quoted as examples of such approaches. The article analyses HIA implementation in Czech legislation and discusses the inspiration, strengths and challenges of the two aforementioned models.

• MeSH
• hodnocení vlivů na zdraví * zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• komunitní zdraví - plánování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• programy národního zdraví * MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• vytváření politiky MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Dánsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH