Somatic mutations of genes involved in NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, NOTCH, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). HL tumor cells form only about 5% of the tumor mass; however, it was shown that HL tumor-derived DNA could be detected in the bloodstream. This circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) reflects the genetic profile of HL tumor cells and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tumor-specific somatic DNA mutations within the concept of liquid biopsy. Overall, the most frequently mutated gene in HL is STAT6; however, the exact spectrum of mutations differs between individual HL histological subtypes. Importantly, reduction of ctDNA plasma levels after initial treatment is highly correlated with prognosis. Therefore, ctDNA shows great promise as a novel tool for non-invasive tumor genome analysis for biomarker driven therapy as well as for superior minimal residual disease monitoring and treatment resistance detection. Here, we summarize the recent advancements of ctDNA analysis in HL with focus on ctDNA detection methodologies, genetic profiling of HL and its clonal evolution, and the emerging prognostic value of ctDNA.
- MeSH
- cirkulující nádorová DNA * genetika MeSH
- DNA nádorová genetika MeSH
- fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasy MeSH
- Hodgkinova nemoc * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- NF-kappa B MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Obinutuzumab spolu s bendamustinem se v současnosti používá u pacientů s folikulárním lymfomem, kteří jsou refrakterní na rituximab nebo na jeho kombinaci s chemoterapií. Kazuistika popisuje případ pacienta, u kterého byla s úspěchem použita kombinace obinutuzumabu s bendamustinem a následně udržovací léčba obinutuzumabem v opakovaném relapsu po předchozích liniích léčby s rituximabem.
Obinutuzumab with bendamustine is currently used for the treatment of follicular lymphoma in patients who are refractory to rituximab alone or to combination of chemotherapy with rituximab. This case report describes a successful treatment with obinutuzumab and bendamustine followed by obinutuzumab maintenance in a patient with multiple relapses of follicular lymphoma after several treatment lines with rituximab.
- Klíčová slova
- obinutuzumab,
- MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- folikulární lymfom * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- rituximab terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
