The presented case displays a clinical study of a cancer phenotype with a poor clinical outcome. Prediction of cancer development and effects of treatment at the beginning of the clinical stage is difficult as the knowledge of cancer process and all necessary parameters of the host body are limited. Cancer is mainly studied on the basis of biochemical-genetic processes and their morphological manifestation. However, the malignant process is assumed to be of essential biophysical nature and develops after mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a direct result of oncogene mutation. Cancers based on the normal and the reverse Warburg effect should be distinguished. The cancer tumors with the reverse Warburg effect display aggressiveness associated with a high rate of recurrence and metastatic implantation. Besides the nature of the two basic types of breast cancer tumors the outcome depends not only on their type, size, and site but also on reactions and interaction with the surrounding tissue and the body aptitude for metastatic activity connected with individual blood or lymphatic vessels for metastatic transport. It is necessary to assess all favourable and adverse factors for cancer development. General reliable method of their specification for all cancers is not available. Nevertheless, the main factor seems to be aggressiveness of cancer cells as follows from interpretation. To reveal the aggressive reverse Warburg effect tumors, metabolic biomarkers of the fibroblast stress should be examined.
- MeSH
- duktální karcinom prsu patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu patologie terapie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- tumor burden * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
This work describes clinical development of a sarcoma in the left axilla of a 36-year-old woman. The macroscopic picture changed from the initial inflammatory reddening to globular resistance of 2.5 cm, suggestive of an enlarged lymph node. Mammography did not reveal any associated breast disease. Colliquation found on the ultrasound images led to a biopsy, the result of which indicated only an inflammation, without any malignancy. Rapid growth of the axillar tumor to 10 cm in size within 8 weeks prompted surgery allowing proper diagnosis of a small mature-to-immature sarcoma. Special examinations performed by a histopathologist (at the Institute for Histopathology) could not establish the precise histogenesis, i.e. the tissue origin. Therefore it was necessary to remove any clinically obscuring tumor for the final proper histological diagnosis and adequate treatment of the patient.
Sekrece z prsu je symptom, který není zpravidla medicínsky závažný, ale u postižených žen vyvolává úzkost a obavy, že se jedná o projevy karcinomu prsu. Sekrecí z prsu se může manifestovat široká škála onemocnění (intraduktální papilom, duktektazie, karcinom prsu, adenom hypofýzy, infekční onemocnění prsu). Článek shrnuje diferenciální diagnostiku a léčbu sekrece prsu a její možné souvislosti s hormonálními poruchami. Kombinace diagnostických metod (mamografie, ultrazvuk, core‑cut biopsie a vyšetření hormonů) pomáhá k rychlému stanovení správné diagnózy. V některých případech je metodou volby chirurgické odstranění postiženého mlékovodu. Vzhledem k narůstající incidenci karcinomu prsu ve všech věkových kategoriích je povinností lékaře myslet na možnost nádorového onemocnění i u žen, které přicházejí se sekrecí z prsu.
Nipple discharge is a symptom often more alarming than dangerous. A variety of diseases (such as intraductal papillomas, mammary duct ectasia, breast cancer, pituitary adenomas, breast infections) can manifest as nipple discharge. The importance of nipple discharge for both the patient and the physician is the possible association of this condition with an underlying carcinoma. A combination of diagnostic tests (mammography, ultrasonography, core‑cut biopsy, hormonal testing) can help the clinician to establish the diagnosis and plan a proper management. Depending on the underlying breast pathology, a central or single lactiferous duct excision is the procedure of choice.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- fibrocystická nemoc prsu diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléčné žlázy lidské patologie sekrece MeSH
- nádory prsu diagnóza MeSH
- nemoci prsů * patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- papilom intraduktální diagnóza MeSH
- prolaktin MeSH
- prsy * patologie sekrece MeSH
- tělesné sekrety * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
