Musculoskeletal dysfunctions are often the cause of pain and, if prolonged, cause demonstrable morphological changes that trigger central changes that can be identified and effectively influenced. It is essential that dysfunction appears as both a cause and a consequence of the morphological disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The occurrence of musculoskeletal dysfunction as well as disorders is typical for people with sensory impairments. People with visual impairments suffer from specific problems with walking and standing, which are described in this paper
The importance of the foot in the life of the visually impaired is unimaginable. People with visual impairment are a potentially weakened target group regarding the genesis of various orthopedic problems as well as morphological and structural foot deformities. The foot has an important functional relation within the lower limb and body. The paper shows importance of the health state of the foot in their life and describes the foot as an important potential therapeutic tool for maintaining or improving the quality of life. Maintaining a healthy foot in this population should be a significant need. A lot of studies are solving the foot on foot-based interfaces that stimulate the surface of the foot with vibrations. It could be used in several fields such as sensory substitution virtual reality, rehabilitation and among others.
The overview essay presents a narrative literary review of the facts about the motor skills in association with hearing impairments in children from current studies in the period after 2010. This contribution presents various knowledge and selected research surveys in issue. Motor skills and motor development in children with hearing impairment is expected to be different from that in typically developing children in many ways. The aim of the contribution is to summarize appropriate end essential studies that show experiences with problem of motor skills, in a broader context, in child individuals with hearing impairment.
The contribution presents a literary review of the facts about the risk of falls in association with visual and hearing impairments from current studies. Fall is the potential risk for persons with visual and hearing impairments, regardless of age. Stability is influenced by integration and evaluation of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information. Visually and hearing-impaired people are a potentially weakened target group regarding the disturbed keeping of the postural stability, posture, and balance. The aim of the contribution is to summarize studies that show experiences with problem of falls among individuals with sensory loss.
The contribution presents a literary review of the facts about cochlear implantation (CI) in association to balance control from studies over the past 5 years. CI has the potential risk for vestibular system and its functions. The vestibular system plays the main role in balance tasks, f. e. postural control, balance and spatial orientation. Vestibular problems have been reported aft er CI, but the literature indicates major discrepancies in the reported clinical impact. The aim of the contribution is to summarize studies that ask whether CI has an undesirable, improved or any impact on vestibular function and balance control.
This article proposes a basic knowledge and selected research surveys in issue of the postural stability and postural control in visually and hearing impaired people. Postural stability is infl uenced by integration and evaluation of visual, vestibular and somatosensory information. Visually and hearing impaired people are a potentially weakened target group with regard to the disturbed keeping of the postural stability, posture and balance. Postural Feedback Training would allow increasing the neural adaptability. Biofeedback method is based on the biomechanical measurement and physiological body system mechanisms.
This article proposes a literature review about the movement and orthopedic problems based on postural instability in visually and hearing impaired people. Visually and hearing impaired people are a potentially weakened target group with regard to the genesis of various orthopedic problems as well as morphological and structural foot deformities. The foot has an important functional relation within the lower limb and body. The paper clarifies the causes, mechanism of development and results of these problems. The article is supplemented by personal statements of the impaired on the occurrences and manifestations of specific pathologies in their daily lives.
BACKGROUND: Excessive body weight seems to be a risk factor for foot loading. We sought to investigate the effect of different body mass index (BMI) levels on plantar pressure distribution during walking. METHODS: In total, 163 women aged 45 to 65 years (mean ± SD: age, 57.4 ± 5.3 years; BMI, 27.0 ± 5.3) participated in the study. The women were divided, on the basis of BMI, into a normal-weight, overweight, or obese group. The study used the four following plantar pressure parameters (PPPs): contact percentage, absolute pressure impulse, relative pressure impulse, and absolute peak pressure, which were recorded in ten foot regions using a pressure measurement system. RESULTS: The normal-weight group, compared with the overweight and obese groups, had significantly lower absolute PPP values. In the hallux, second through fifth metatarsals, midfoot, and heel regions, we observed significant between-group differences in the two absolute PPPs (peak pressure and pressure impulse) (P < .001). Between-group differences in the relative PPPs were found in the fourth metatarsal, midfoot, and medial heel (relative impulse) and in the second metatarsal (contact percentage) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI values correspond to a higher load on the foot during walking in women. The relative foot load in obese women is characterized by a pressure increase in the lateral forefoot and midfoot and by a pressure decrease in the medial heel.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- chůze (způsob) fyziologie MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha patofyziologie MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie MeSH
- obezita patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The contribution solves the sports anthropology and also pubertology problem. We were evaluated the influence of the intense physical activity on the somatic development of the girls in age 11 to 15 yrs. Adequate physical activity positive impacts on the pubescents somatic development, mainly as a obesity prevention. We tried to identify the impact of the intense physical activity on the morfometric parameters (body weight, body height), when physical activity affects as loading factor. We compared experimental sample, which consists of intense physically loaded girls in special sports schools (volleyball and athletics) (n = 164) and control sample of the girls without intense physical activity from classic schools (n = 166). The monitoring of the body height showed typical growth trend effected by sport in terms of the moderate appositional growth prevalence over the linear growth. The difference between final body height average values of the 15 yrs old sports girls and non-sports girls weren´t significant (2,115 cm). Dominant apposition growth appeared in final body height average values mainly in 15 yrs intense physically loading girls, who achieved on 2,932 kg went out the average values of the girls without intense physical activity, but the difference wasn´t significant.
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná konstituce fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná výchova statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- tělesná výška fyziologie MeSH
- vývoj mladistvých fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
