Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in patients with congenital heart disease in various age groups remains a controversial issue. Currently, a little is known about the fate of secondary and subsequent conduit. The aim of the study was to determine risk factors of conduit failure, evaluate long-term conduit survival, find out which type of conduit should be preferred in case of reoperations. We performed a retrospective analysis of a total of 249 records of valved conduit secondary and subsequent replacement in right ventricular outflow tract in 197 patients. Median follow-up was 5.7 years. The study endpoints were defined as conduit explants; balloon dilatation of the graft (excluding balloon dilatation of left/right pulmonary artery), transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation; heart transplantation or death of the patient. There were total of 21 deaths (11% mortality) among 197 patients during the follow-up, 2 patients underwent heart transplant, in 23 implanted conduits pulmonary angioplasty or/including transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation was afterwards performed due to graft failure, conduit had to be explanted in 46 cases. After 28 years follow-up, freedom from graft failure after 5 years was 77%, 48% after 10 years and 21% after 15 years. Reoperative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction demonstrates good mid-term and acceptable long-term outcomes regardless of the type of conduit implanted. Worse long-term graft survival of secondary and further conduits is associated with younger age of the recipient at implantation, small size of the conduit, younger age of donor and male donor in case of allograft implantation.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term and transplantation-free survival of all patients after atrial correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in the Czech and Slovak republics, including its preoperative and perioperative determinants. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all 454 consecutive patients after atrial correction of TGA was performed. Of these, 126 (27.8%) were female, median age at operation was 7.4 months (Q1 5.3; Q3 13.3) and 164 (36.1%) underwent the Mustard procedure. The relationships between age, weight, the complexity of TGA, operative technique, additional surgical procedures, immediate postoperative presence of tricuspid regurgitation and revision procedures during follow-up to major composite outcome, as such defined as long-term and transplantation-free survival, were tested. RESULTS: Early 30-day mortality did not differ between the Mustard (9.76%) and Senning (8.97%) cohorts (p=0.866). The long-term and transplantation-free survival, which differed between the Mustard and Senning cohorts in favour of the Senning procedure (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.87), was shorter in complex TGA (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.78) and in complex surgical interventions (HR 3.51; 95% CI 2.31 to 5.56). The immediate presence of at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation after correction was associated with a shorter long-term and transplantation-free survival in the univariate but not in the multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS: The lower long-term survival of patients after an atrial switch operation of TGA in the Czech and Slovak republics is associated with greater complexity of TGA, complex surgical interventions and application of the the Mustard operative procedure.
- MeSH
- arterie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- korekce transpozice velkých arterií * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transpozice velkých cév * MeSH
- trikuspidální insuficience * chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Cryopreserved allograft heart valves (CAHV) show longer event-free survival compared to other types of protheses. However, all patients develop early and/or late allograft failure. Negative predictors are clinical, and there is a lack of evidence whether they correspond with the microscopic structure of CAHV. We assessed histopathological signs of structural degeneration, degree of cellular preservation, and presence of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in CAHV and correlated the changes with donor clinical characteristics, cryopreservation times, and CAHV types and diameters. METHODS: Fifty-seven CAHV (48 pulmonary, nine aortic) used for transplantation between November/2017 and May/2019 were included. Donor variables were age, gender, blood group, height, weight, and body surface area (BSA). Types and diameters of CAHV, cold ischemia time, period from decontamination to cryopreservation, and cryopreservation time were recorded. During surgery, arterial wall (n=56) and valvar cusp (n=20) samples were obtained from the CAHV and subjected to microscopy. Microscopic structure was assessed using basic staining methods and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Most of the samples showed signs of degeneration, usually of mild degree, and markedly reduced cellular preservation, more pronounced in aortic CAHV, correlating with arterial APC counts in both basic staining and IHC. There was also a correlation between the degree of degeneration of arterial samples and age, height, weight, and BSA of the donors. These findings were independent of preservation times. CONCLUSION: CAHV show markedly reduced cellular preservation negatively correlating with the numbers of APC. More preserved CAHV may be therefore prone to stronger immune rejection.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- aortální chlopeň chirurgie patologie MeSH
- dárci tkání * MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- kryoprezervace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční chlopně transplantace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: We reviewed a spectrum of congenital heart defects assessed in our center between 1/2010 and 4/2020, evaluated their gross anatomy, assessed the age distribution, evaluated performed surgical procedures, and correlated gross and ultrasound findings. METHODS: All necroptic cases and explanted hearts that underwent specialized cardiac autopsy were included in this study. Autopsy findings including gross description of congenital heart defects together with echocardiographic findings were retrospectively assessed. In surgically corrected hearts, the operation records were included as well. All congenital heart defects and surgical procedures were subclassified into main and additional category. RESULTS: The study included 92 necroptic cases of live-born children, 7 stillbirths, 2 cases of young adults, 50 induced abortions, and 5 explanted hearts, with median age 36 weeks. The most frequently encountered leading congenital heart defects were hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, septal defects, or persistent arterial trunk. Fifty-one patients underwent surgical repair represented mainly by valvuloplasties, aortoplasty, and procedures leading to univentricular circulation. In the native hearts, 4 postnatal and 16 abortion/stillbirth cases showed discordance between gross and sonographic findings, mainly attributed to missed ventricular septal defect. Gestational age of the discordant group was significantly lower compared to the concordant group (P= .007). CONCLUSIONS: Autopsy continues to provide essential information about the morphology of congenital heart defects. However, the encountered congenital heart defects were usually complex, often surgically corrected or evaluated as a result of induced abortion or still birth. Cardiac autopsy therefore places high demands on pathologists with regards to proper gross heart assessment. It is also an invaluable part of quality control in prenatal cardiology.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- echokardiografie MeSH
- fetální srdce abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- indukovaný potrat MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- myokard patologie MeSH
- narození mrtvého plodu MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pozadí studie: Kryoprezervované chlopenní alografty (CAHV) v současné době představují konduity volby vykazující delší dobu přežití v porovnání s jinými typy chlopenních protéz. Nicméně téměř všichni pacienti v průběhu času rozvinou časné nebo pozdní selhání alograftu. Přesný mechanismus selhání či případná role buněčné nebo humorální rejekce však zůstávají nejasné. V této studii jsme se zaměřili na mikroskopickou strukturu CAHV s ohledem na dobu trvání implantace, hodnotili stupeň degenerativních změn a pátrali po známkách celulární rejekce. Metodika: Do studie bylo prospektivně zařazeno 24 pacientů s CAHV a jeden pacient s chlopenním xenograftem, kteří podstoupili explantaci konduitu v období od listopadu 2017 do května 2020. Zaznamenán byl věk pacientů v době implantace, doba trvání implantace, typ konduitu, hlavní diagnóza příjemce a počet předchozích implantací. Mikroskopická struktura konduitů byla hodnocena pomocí světelné mikroskopie s užitím základních barvicích metod i imunohistochemie. Výsledky: Všechny konduity byly kompletně avitální, s úseky nekróz, hyalinizace, kalcifikací, metaplastické kosti a přerůstání fibrózním pannem. Ve třech případech byly zastiženy okrsky zánětu rejekčního charakteru. Tři další pacienti vykazovali v průběhu operace i následně mikroskopicky známky subakutní infekční endokarditidy. Jak tíže mikroskopických změn, tak i přítomnost rejekčních infiltrátů byly nezávislé na době trvání implantace či jakékoliv jiné klinické proměnné. Závěry: Histopatologické hodnocení explantovaných konduitů může přispět k objasnění přesného patogenetického mechanismu selhání alograftu. Nicméně mikroskopická struktura dlouhodobých explantátů je často nespecifická a známky celulární rejekce jsou mírné. Přínosnější tak může být mikroskopické vyšetření krátkodobých explantátů.
Background: Cryopreserved allograft heart valves (CAHV) currently represent conduits of choice showing longer event-free survival compared to other types of prostheses. However, almost all patients develop early or late allograft failure. The exact mechanism of the failure and eventual role of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection remain uncertain. In this study, we targeted the microscopical structure of CAHV in correlation to the duration of implantation, assessed the degree of degenerative changes and searched for signs of cellular rejection.Methods: 24 patients with CAHV and one patient with xenograft heart valve who required conduit explan-tation in the period of 11/2017-5/2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Age of the patients at the time of implantation, duration of implantation, type of conduit, main diagnosis and number of previous implantations were recorded. Conduits were subjected to light microscopy and the microscopic structure was assessed using basic staining methods and immunohistochemistry. Results: All conduits were completely non-vital, with areas of necrosis, hyalinization, calcifi cation, meta-plastic bone formation and pannus overgrowth. Foci of rejection-type infl ammatory infi ltrate were noted in three cases. Three other patients showed perioperative and microscopical signs of subacute infective endocarditis. Both severity of the microscopical changes and presence of rejection-type infiltrate were inde-pendent of duration of implantation or any other clinical variable. Conclusions: Histopathological assessment of explanted conduits may contribute to understanding of exact pathogenic mechanisms of allograft failure. However, the microscopic appearance of long-term explants is often non-specifi c and signs of cellular rejection are sparse. Examination of short-term and intermediate--term explants may be more beneficial.
- Klíčová slova
- kryoprezervované chlopenní alografty,
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně * MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rejekce štěpu MeSH
- selhání protézy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Rekonstrukce RVOT u pacientů s vrozenou srdeční vadou v různých věkových kategoriích stále zůstává diskutabilní problematikou v chirurgii chlopenních vad. Včasná identifikace dysfunkce RVOT, správné načasování a výběr vhodného způsobu rekonstrukce má zásadní vliv na pooperační výsledky a dlouhodobé přežití použité chlopenní náhrady. Existuje řada možností rekonstrukce RVOT. Použití každé protézy je spojeno se vznikem různých komplikací.
Reconstruction of RVOT in patients with a congenital heart defect in various age groups still remains a controversial issue in valve disease surgery. Early identification of RVOT dysfunction, proper timing, and choosing an appropriate method of reconstruction all have an essential effect on postoperative outcomes and long-term survival of the valve replacement used. There are a number of options for RVOT reconstruction. The use of each prosthesis is associated with the development of various complications.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně metody MeSH
- dopplerovská echokardiografie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukce výtoku ze srdeční komory * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- reoperace MeSH
- srdeční chlopně umělé MeSH
- stenóza pulmonální chlopně chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
