The objective of the article is to present an item analysis of selected subtests of the Czech version of the WJ IV COG battery from a group of Romani children, ages 7-11. The research sample consisted of 400 school-aged Romani children from the Czech Republic who were selected by quota sampling. A partial comparative sample for the analysis was the Czech population collected as norms of the Czech edition of © Propsyco (n = 936). The Woodcock-Johnson IV COG was used as a research tool. Statistical analysis was performed in Winstep software using Differential Item Functioning; differences between groups were expressed in logits and tested via the Rasch-Welch T-test. It was discovered that higher item difficulty was noted in the verbal subtests, although variability in item difficulty was found across all subtests. The analysis of individual items makes it possible to discover which tasks are most culturally influenced.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- etnicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Romové * MeSH
- zdroje elektrické energie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The impact of a change in hemodynamics on cognitive skills in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of CEA for ACS at 1 year by assessing the changes in anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery blood flow in tandem with changes in cognitive efficiency. METHODS: Flow volume in cerebral arteries using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography was measured in a group of 14 males and 5 females before and at 1 year after CEA for ACS. Cognitive efficiency was assessed by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The values of flow volume were processed using simple ratio (SR) and were used for covariance analyses with changes in cognitive skills after CEA. RESULTS: A significant improvement in cognitive efficiency indexes of immediate memory and visuospatial perception at 1 year after CEA for ACS was observed. Simultaneously, a significant deterioration of speech index was noted. During the analysis of association between flow and cognition, the highest correlation could be seen between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow and the visuospatial perception. A change in posterior cerebral artery (PCA) flow was associated with an increase in immediate memory index and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) flow change with the speech index. CONCLUSION: Convergence of data supporting the association between revascularization and cognitive improvement were added in a small, single-center cohort of ACS patients undergoing CEA. No significant differences in cognition were seen between preoperative findings and at 1 year after CEA. Visuospatial perception improvement was linked to flow change in MCA, immediate memory improvement to flow change in PCA, and speech index change to flow change in ACA. Methodical limitations of this small study preclude formulating larger generalizations. Hemodynamic factors in CEA should be assessed in a larger-scale study.
Introduction: The working poor is a relatively new term which has been discussed recently. These people work, but their income is below the poverty line. Many times, it is close to the minimum wage. Working for a low income brings people much stress, which leads to physical and psychological problems. Materials and methods: This research was carried out using quantitative research strategies. The Holmes-Rahe Stress Inventory standardized questionnaire was used for data collection. Their statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 programme. The sample group included 358 working poor inhabitants of the South Bohemian Region. Results: The research showed that the respondents’ average score was between 150 and 300 points. There were 138, which means that, in the next two years, there is a 50% chance that they will have various health problems. The score of 90 respondents was higher than 300 points, which means that they have an 80% chance of having health problems in two years time. The fourth most frequent cause of stress was the possibility of “employment change”. Conclusion: It is very important to study stress and its effect on people. Many studies show how stress can negatively affect us and our health and how great a burden in life it can be. Our research showed that, last year, one-third of the respondents believed that one of the most stressful situations was the change or loss of employment.
Cílem této výzkumné studie bylo zmapovat faktory, které ovlivňují zdravotní gramotnost u lidí, kteří se ocitli v nepříznivé sociální situaci a mají nárok na dávky státní sociální podpory, resp. dávky pomoci pro osoby v hmotné nouzi. Zdravotní gramotnost charakterizuje postoj ke zdraví v každé demokratické společnosti a je podmíněna některými socioekonomickými a demografickými proměnnými – věkem, vzděláním, sociálním statusem. Zdraví a kvalitní zdravotní péče je důležitým životním cílem a právem občanů. Pro získání výzkumných dat jsme použily kvalitativní výzkum, metodu dotazování a techniku polostandardizovaného rozhovoru. Otázky byly pokládá- ny s ohledem na následující stěžejní okruhy výzkumu: dostupnost informací o zdraví, zdravotní situaci a zdravotním systému; motivace a aktivity k vyhledávání informací o zdraví; orientace v systému českého zdravotnictví; kognitivní a afektivní schopnosti najít a pochopit informace o zdravotním stavu. Výzkumný soubor představovaly osoby, které měly pro svou nepříznivou sociální situaci nárok na sociální dávku hmotné nouze a byly obyvateli Jihočeského kraje. Autorky identifikovaly základní faktory, které ovlivňují zdravotní gramotnost zkoumaného souboru. Zdravotní gramotnost u klientů, kteří jsou ohroženi chudobou, je dle získaných dat v průběhu kvalitativní výzkumné studie aktuálním tématem ve zdravotně sociální problematice. Identifikované faktory úzce souvisejí se sociální situací informantů zkoumaného souboru. Je zde prostor pro intervence sociálních pracovníků systematicky v rámci základního sociálního poradenství spolupracovat na konceptu zvýšení zdravotní gramotnosti jednotlivců a rodin.
The aim of this research study was to map the factors influencing health literacy in people who are in an unfavourable social situation and who have a right to social benefits, i.e. benefits for persons in material poverty. Health literacy characterizes the attitude to health in each democratic society and is subject to some socioeconomic and demographic variables – age, education, and social status. Health and quality health care are important life aims and rights of citizens. Qualitative research, the question method and the semi-structured interview method were used to gain the research data. The questions were asked with respect to the following key research areas: availability of information on health, health situation and health system; motivation and activities to search for information on health; orientation in the Czech health service system; cognitive and affective abilities to find and understand information on health condition. The research sample consisted of inhabitants of the South Bohemian region who, because of their unfavourable social situation had a right to the social benefit for persons in material poverty. The authors have identified the basic factors that influence health literacy of the research study sample. Health literacy in clients who are endangered by poverty is a current topic in health and social problems according to the acquired data within the qualitative research study. The identified factors closely relate to the social situation of the respondents of the research sample. There is a space for the intervention of social workers, and social workers can systematically cooperate within the concept of higher health literacy of individuals and families.
Životní styl osob pracujících v sexbyznysu se odlišuje zejména kvůli finanční situaci, specifické pracovní době, volbě trávení volného času a kvůli charakteru vykonávané práce. V současné době se sexbyznys v České republice přesouvá z nočních klubů do prostředí bytů a privátů. S uzavřeností privátního sexbyznysu je spojeno i velmi malé zmapování této formy a osob v ní pracujících, proto cílem článku je popsat, jaký je životní styl žen pracujících v privátním sexbyznysu se zaměřením na jejich každodennost v práci i mimo ni. Ve výzkumu byla použita kvalitativní výzkumná strategiecujících v privátním sexbyznysu v Jihočeském kraji. Získaná data byla zpracována a zakódována v programu Atlas.ti a poté pomocí zakotvené teorie byly identifikovány tyto hlavní kategorie: závislosti (látkové i nelátkové), vztah ke klientům, rodině, partnerovi, vztah k práci a zdravý životní styl. Výsledky ukázaly, že ženy v privátním sexbyznysu jsou v oblasti vztahové výrazně heterogenní skupinou. Společné je pojetí sexbyznysu jako „živnosti“. Z výpovědí informantek vystupuje pozitivní hodnocení jejich práce s ohledem na možnost seberozhodování v určování pracovní doby, volného času a s ohledem na finanční benefity, které často slouží jako podpora blízkým osobám.
The lifestyle of people working in the sex business differs, especially due to the financial situation, specific working hours, choice of how leisure time is spent and the nature of the work. Recently, the sex business in the Czech Republic has moved from nightclubs to apartments and private flats. The secretiveness of the private sex business is connected with a very small mapping of this form and the persons working in it, therefore the aim of this paper is to describe the lifestyle of women working in the private sex business considering their everyday life at work as well as out of it. A qualitative research strategy with the technology of a biographicalnarrative interview has been used in the research. The research file was formed of 10 women working in the private sex business within the South Bohemian Region. The ascertained data has been processed and coded in the Atlas.ti programme and then by means of set theory the following main categories were identified: addictions (substance and non-substance), relationship to clients, family, partners, relationship to work and healthy lifestyle. The results show that women in the private sex business are a markedly heterogeneous group considering the area of relationships. A common aspect is considering the sex business as “a business”. The informants positively evaluate their work with respect to the opportunity to decide on their working hours and leisure time by themselves, and with respect to the financial benefits that often serve as support for close family.
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
Cílem příspěvku je vymezení strategických východisek a návrh strategie preventivního působení na příslušníky romské minority Jihočeského kraje vedoucí ke snížení obezity a nadváhy. Výzkum kvantitativní povahy byl realizován formou řízeného polostrukturovaného rozhovoru týkajícího se jídelního chování respondentů, jejich psychického stavu, stresu, reflexe a sebereflexe, fyzické aktivity, kouření, konzumace alkoholu, socioekonomických podmínek respondentů, primární prevence i přístupu zdravotníků. Výzkumný výběrový soubor zahrnoval 600 respondentů (z toho 302 příslušníků romské minority a 298 osob z většinové populace). Výběrový soubor romské minority i majoritní populace lze považovat z hlediska pohlaví za reprezentativní. Byly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly mezi respondenty z minoritní a majoritní společnosti spojené s životním stylem příslušníků romské minority, které mohou způsobovat obezitu a nadváhu a následně ovlivňovat zdravotní stav jedinců. Jedná se o odlišnosti v jídelním chování včetně složení jídelníčku, fyzických aktivit, kouření nebo částce věnované nákupu potravin pro dospělého člena rodiny na měsíc. Na základě těchto zjištěných východisek – výsledků získaných v tomto reprezentativním výzkumném šetření patřícím v provedené SWOT analýze ke slabým stránkám životního stylu romské minority byl vytvořen návrh strategie pro preventivní působení u romské minority, jejímž cílem bude snížení rizikových faktorů ovlivňujících obezitu a nadváhu příslušníků romské minority žijících na území Jihočeského kraje.
The aim of this paper is to define strategic resources and strategy design of preventive measures for the Roma minority in the South Bohemian Region to reduce obesity and overweight. Quantitative research was conducted via a controlled semi-structured interview concerning the eating behaviour of the respondents, their mental state, stress, self-reflection, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic condition, primary prevention and the approach of medical professionals. The research sample included 600 respondents (302 from the Roma minority and 298 from the majority population). The sample of the Roma minority and the majority population can be considered representative in terms of gender. There were statistically significant differences between the respondents from the minority and the majority population. The lifestyle of the Roma minority can cause obesity and overweight, and consequently influence the health of individuals. These are differences in eating behaviour, including the composition of diet, physical activity, smoking, or the money spent on food for an adult family member per month. The results obtained in this representative research survey within the SWOT analysis, which represents the weaknesses of the life style of the Roma minority, laid the foundations of a strategy for preventive measures for the Roma minority, which aims to reduce the risk factors affecting obesity and overweight in the Roma minority living in the South Bohemian Region.
Cílem této přehledové studie je poukázat na problematiku bezdomovectví v souvislosti s vybranými zdravotně sociálními aspekty. Zabýváme se psychickým a fyzickým zdravím bezdomovců a užíváním návykových látek (alkohol, drogy) u této cílové skupiny. Existující studie poukazují na skutečnost, že u bezdomovců je vyšší psychiatrická nemocnost než u běžné populace. Stejná situace je u fyzického zdraví. Také zneužívání návykových látek je mnohem častější u bezdomovců než u běžné populace. V této studii jsme vycházeli z aktuálních odborných článků uvedených v databázi SCOPUS a PubMed, a to po zadání klíčových slov „bezdomovec“ a „zdraví“. V databázi SCOPUS v roce 2015 bylo uveřejněno 6 670 odborných článků na toto téma. V databázi PubMed nalezneme v souvislosti s uvedenými klíčovými slovy za posledních 5 let 1 780 vědeckých článků. V souvislosti s touto tematikou jsme čerpali také z aktuální odborné literatury dostupné na českém trhu a z webových stránek Ministerstva práce a sociálních věcí České republiky.
The aim of this overview study is to highlight the issue of homelessness in connection with selected health and social aspects. We deal with psychological and physical health, homelessness and substance abuse (alcohol, drugs). Existing studies point to the fact that, among the homeless, there is a higher psychiatric morbidity than among the general population. The situation is identical regarding physical health. Substance abuse is also more common among the homeless than among the general population. In this study, we used the current academic articles listed in Scopus and PubMed to start with. We searched for them entering the keywords “homeless” and “health”. In 2015, Scopus published 6670 articles on this topic. In PubMed, we found 1780 scientific articles, regarding the keywords, published in the last 5 years. In connection with this topic, we also drew from the current academic bibliography available on the Czech market and from the website of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic.
This article is intended to describe the current hegemonic masculinity within the Roma family structure in the Czech Republic, with regard to changes related to developments in the majority society and the current socioeconomic situation of the Roma. The theoretical context of this article is based on the paradigm of masculine hegemony as it exists and has existed in the Roma families. Data for the study came from semi-structured interviews with 30 Roma females and 30 Roma males living as couples, in three Czech cities. The main finding reveals a dichotomy between the traditional roles of Roma women, i.e. care for the family and the household, and the present functions, i.e. contributing to the family income through social benefits. We observed a decline in the traditional role of Roma men, who were often unemployed. We related the change in the roles of men to the "non-functionality of the men", contributing to the emerging potential for emancipation of Roma women. However, the traditional patriarchal Roma family is structured such that men are given the main decision making powers, which has slowed changes in marginalized Roma families. Additionally, social pressures against women as well as socially conditioned pressures that act to preserve hegemonic masculinity, have largely prevented the realization of the potential for emancipation of Roma women, or if a woman tries to leave her non-functioning husband.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužskost * MeSH
- rodinné vztahy etnologie MeSH
- Romové etnologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This investigation examined to what extent a selected group of immigrants in the Czech Republic receive healthcare for primary prevention and inpatient care. A partial aim of the research was to confirm the connection between immigrant health and their social situation. METHODS: Using a quantitative study technique, 1,014 legally established immigrants (Vietnamese, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, and Slovak) between 18-65 years of age were interviewed. The selection of respondents was conducted using purposive selection. The stratification of the group was determined by nationality, age, and gender. RESULTS: Long-term illnesses were found significantly more frequently among Ukrainian immigrants and less frequently among Vietnamese immigrants. About half of the respondents had visited a GP and dentist in the previous year and 11.5% of respondents had been hospitalized in inpatient departments. Most of the surveyed immigrants had public health insurance (77.9%), one-fifth had contractual health insurance (19.6%) and 2.5% did not have health insurance. In statistical terms, Vietnamese, Ukrainian, and Russian immigrants had commercial insurance more often than Polish and Slovak immigrants. The utilization of public health insurance and healthcare among immigrants grew significantly in correlation with length of residency. The use of GPs for preventive health care also grew in correlation with knowledge of the Czech language. We found that less than nine percent of immigrants reported needing hospitalization for an illness, but were not hospitalized. CONCLUSION: Currently, immigration represents one of the most burning and sensitive global challenges. The outcome of this research clearly shows that improving immigrant Czech language skills and giving all legally established immigrants access to Czech public health insurance are important steps needed to increase access to healthcare for immigrants in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emigranti a imigranti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí etnologie MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This article deals with the issue of social exclusion of immigrants in the Czech Republic. A review of expert sources indicates that immigrants are most often excluded from the labour market, housing market, and in communication with institutions. These areas became the target of our research. We observed how they were affect by knowledge of the Czech language, length of residence and type of work performed. The study was conducted using quantitative research strategies, interviews, and a questionnaire, the clarity of which was ensured by a double translation. The research group consisted of immigrants, namely Vietnamese, Slovak, Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish nationalities, living in selected regions of the Czech Republic. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences among the immigrant groups. The Vietnamese were least satisfied with housing conditions; they often reported living in overcrowded apartments and dormitories, and saw little chance of changing their situation because of discrimination by landlords. With regard to Czech language skills, the greater difference between Czech and Vietnamese and the relative similarity between Czech and the other studied immigrant languages also played a role. As a result, this indicator also showed the greatest dissatisfaction among the Vietnamese. For employees, poor knowledge of Czech corresponds to lower socioeconomic status.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emigranti a imigranti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předsudek psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sociální izolace * MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Vietnam MeSH
