Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials with calcium phosphate (CaP) is considered advantageous for bone regeneration. Mineralization can be both induced by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and promoted by calcium-binding biomolecules, such as plant-derived polyphenols. In this study, ALP-loaded gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were enriched with gallotannins, a subclass of polyphenols. Five preparations were compared, namely three tannic acids of differing molecular weight (MW), pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), and a gallotannin-rich extract from mango kernel (Mangifera indica L.). Certain gallotannin preparations promoted mineralization to a greater degree than others. The various gallotannin preparations bound differently to ALP and influenced the size of aggregates of ALP, which may be related to ability to promote mineralization. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells grew in eluate from mineralized hydrogels. Gallotannin incorporation impeded cell growth on hydrogels and did not impart antibacterial activity. In conclusion, gallotannin incorporation aided mineralization but reduced cytocompatibility.
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
- biomimetika metody MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
- fyziologická kalcifikace účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mangifera chemie MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- osteoblasty metabolismus MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie MeSH
- regenerace kostí MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recently, milk-derived proteins have attracted attention for applications in the biomedical field such as tissue regeneration. Whey protein isolate (WPI), especially its main component β-lactoglobulin, can modulate immunity and acts as an antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial agent. There are very few reports of the application of WPI in tissue engineering, especially in bone tissue engineering. In this study, we tested the influence of different concentrations of WPI on behavior of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC), and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (FIB). The positive effect on growth was apparent for Saos-2 cells and FIB but not for ASC. However, the expression of markers characteristic for early osteogenic cell differentiation [type-I collagen (COL1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] as well as ALP activity, increased dose-dependently in ASC. Importantly, Saos-2 cells were able to deposit calcium in the presence of WPI, even in a proliferation medium without other supplements that support osteogenic cell differentiation. The results indicate that, depending on the cell type, WPI can act as an enhancer of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, enrichment of biomaterials for bone regeneration with WPI seems a promising approach, especially due to the low cost of WPI.
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- kmenové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen typu I metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- osteogeneze * MeSH
- osteokalcin metabolismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- regenerace kostí * MeSH
- skot MeSH
- syrovátkové proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- tuková tkáň cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polyphenols are known for their antimicrobial activity, whilst both polyphenols and the globular protein β-lactoglobulin (bLG) are suggested to have antioxidant properties and promote cell proliferation. These are potentially useful properties for a tissue-engineered construct, though it is unknown if they are retained when both compounds are used in combination. In this study, a range of different microbes and an osteoblast-like cell line (human fetal osteoblast, hFOB) were used to assess the combined effect of: (1) green tea extract (GTE), rich in the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and (2) whey protein isolate (WPI), rich in bLG. It was shown that approximately 20-48% of the EGCG in GTE reacted with WPI. GTE inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, an effect which was potentiated by the addition of WPI. GTE alone also significantly inhibited the growth of hFOB cells after 1, 4, and 7 days of culture. Alternatively, WPI significantly promoted hFOB cell growth in the absence of GTE and attenuated the effect of GTE at low concentrations (64 µg/mL) after 4 and 7 days. Low concentrations of WPI (50 µg/mL) also promoted the expression of the early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by hFOB cells, whereas GTE inhibited ALP activity. Therefore, the antioxidant effects of GTE can be boosted by WPI, but GTE is not suitable to be used as part of a tissue-engineered construct due to its cytotoxic effects which negate any positive effect WPI has on cell proliferation.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- čaj chemie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- katechin analogy a deriváty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- osteogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- syrovátkové proteiny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
