Koncept minimalistické (barefoot) obuvi představuje způsob obouvání, který si klade za cíl přiblížit chůzi v obuvi podmínkám chůze naboso. Minimalistická obuv se obvykle vyznačuje tvarem respektujícím morfologii nohy, nízkou hmotností, absencí podpůrných konstrukčních prvků a tenkou, plochou a všemi směry ohebnou podešví. O konceptu minimalistické obuvi se často tvrdí, že umožňuje přirozenější způsob chůze a má pozitivní vliv nejenom na tvar a funkci nohy, nýbrž na celý pohybový aparát člověka. Tento článek si klade za cíl shrnout dosavadní poznatky o vlivu minimalistické obuvi na biomechaniku chůze dospělého člověka, a tím pomoci osvětlit, zdali lze výše uvedená tvrzení podpořit vědeckými důkazy.
The concept of minimalist footwear is a way of wearing shoes that aims to bring walking in shoes closer to barefoot conditions. Minimalist footwear is usually low-weight footwear shaped to respect the morphology of the foot, with the absence of supporting structural elements, and a thin, flat, and flexible sole. It is supposed to allow a more natural way of walking and positively affect the shape and function of the foot and the whole human body. Several studies deal with its effect on the human musculoskeletal system, but many areas still require further research. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge on the influence of minimalist footwear on gait the biomechanics of adults.
- Klíčová slova
- Barefoot,
- MeSH
- biomechanika fyziologie MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obuv * MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Different multi-segment foot models have been used to explore the effect of foot orthoses. Previous studies have compared the kinematic output of different multi-segment foot models, however, no study has explored if different multi-segment foot models detect similar kinematic changes when wearing a foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two different multi-segment foot models to detect kinematic changes at the hindfoot and forefoot during the single and double support phases of gait when wearing a foot orthosis. METHODS: Foot kinematics were collected during walking from a sample of 32 individuals with and without a foot orthosis with a medial heel bar using an eight-camera motion capture system. The Oxford Foot Model (OFM) and a multi-segment foot model using the Calibrated Anatomical System Technique (CAST) were applied simultaneously. Vector field statistical analysis was used to explore the kinematic effects of a medial heel bar using the two models, and the ability of the models to detect any changes in kinematics was compared. RESULTS: For the hindfoot, both models showed very good agreement of the effect of the foot orthosis across all three anatomical planes during the single and double support phases. However, for the forefoot, the level of agreement between the models varied with both models showing good agreement of the effect in the coronal plane but poorer agreement in the transverse and sagittal planes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that while consistency exists across both models for the hindfoot and forefoot in the coronal plane, the forefoot in the transverse and sagittal planes showed inconsistent responses to the foot orthoses. This should be considered when interpreting the efficacy of different interventions which aim to change foot biomechanics.
- MeSH
- biomechanika fyziologie MeSH
- chůze (způsob) fyziologie MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie MeSH
- ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Objective: The way how individual bars of sensorimotor insoles influence the gait kinematics is not fully understood yet. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of three sensorimotor orthotic conditions (the medial calcaneal and retrocapital lateral bars and their combination) on the gait parameters in healthy adults during the stance phase of gait cycle.Materials and methods: Twenty-six young adults performed 20 gait cycles in each condition using their self-selected cadence and provided standardised shoes with the base-sole and the three types of orthotics. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (8 cameras; 200 Hz) was used and a six-degrees of freedom model was applied. The cadence, the stride length, the first peaks of foot external rotation, eversion and dorsal flexion as well as the first peak of hip adduction were analysed.Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for all parameters between the orthotic conditions, except the cadence. Significant difference in the first peak of hip adduction (p = 0.008) was found between the dominant and non-dominant leg. There were no significant interactions between the factors of condition and leg dominance (p > 0.05).Conclusions: There seems to be overall tendencies in immediate changes in ankle joint kinematics caused by all three sensorimotor orthotic conditions and besides the mechanical principles, also 'proprioceptive mechanism' seems to play a role. However, maximum observed average angular change was 2° and some variability in reactions to each orthotic condition exists among the individuals. Therefore, clinical relevance of such changes remains unclear and careful analysis of expected outcomes should be the common part of every orthotic intervention.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * MeSH
- hlezenní kloub MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) MeSH
- obuv * MeSH
- protetické prostředky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Abnormální úhel progrese nohou, tj. abnormální rotace špiček při chůzi, je jednou z patologií, kterou lze odhalit pouhou aspekcí. Jedná se přitom o průvodní jev řady onemocnění, z nichž některá jsou indikována k terapii stélkami. Některé malé, avšak klinicky významné změny, které stélky způsobují, už přitom pouhým okem zachytit nelze. Jejich skutečný efekt tak nemusí být vždy správně interpretován. Cílem studie bylo objektivizovat okamžitý vliv pelot senzomotorických stélek na úhel progrese nohou ve stojné fázi chůzového cyklu u asymptomatických dospělých osob. Celkem u 11 probandů (věk 23,0 ± 3,3 let; výška 174,4 ± 8,4 cm; hmotnost 66,9 ± 6,0 kg) byl pomocí optoelektronického systému Vicon hodnocen úhel progrese nohou při chůzi se základní stélkou bez pelot a s využitím jednotlivých pelot senzomotorických stélek. Výsledky ukázaly, že peloty mohou signifikantně měnit úhel progrese nohou. Retrokapitální peloty při chůzi rotují v porovnání se základní stélkou nohu zevně, mediální kalkaneální pelota rotuje nohu vnitřně.
Abnormal feet progression angle, i.e. abnormal feet rotation during walking, is one of the pathologies which can be revealed by mere visual inspection. It is an epiphenomenon of a series of diseases, some of which are indicated for therapy by insoles. However, some of the small, but clinically significant changes caused by the insoles cannot be captured with the naked eye. Therefore, their actual effect may not always be interpreted properly. The aim of this study was to objectify the immediate effect of bars of sensorimotor insoles on the feet progression angle in the stance phase of the gait cycle in asymptomatic adults. The feet progression angle was assessed during walking with the base sole both with and without the individual bars of sensorimotor insoles, using the Vicon optoelectronic system in 11 subjects altogether (age 23,0 ± 3,3 years, height 174,4 ± 8,4 cm, weight 66,9 ± 6,0 kg). The results show that bars can significantly change the feet progression angle. During walking, retrocapital bars rotate feet outwards in relation to the base sole; calcaneal medial bars rotate feet inwards.
- Klíčová slova
- úhel progrese nohy,
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- chůze MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
