BACKGROUND: Tetracentron sinense is an endemic and endangered deciduous tree. It belongs to the Trochodendrales, one of four early diverging lineages of eudicots known for having vesselless secondary wood. Sequencing and resequencing of the T. sinense genome will help us understand eudicot evolution, the genetic basis of tracheary element development, and the genetic diversity of this relict species. RESULTS: Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of the T. sinense genome. We assemble the 1.07 Gb genome sequence into 24 chromosomes and annotate 32,690 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses verify that the Trochodendrales and core eudicots are sister lineages and showed that two whole-genome duplications occurred in the Trochodendrales approximately 82 and 59 million years ago. Synteny analyses suggest that the γ event, resulting in paleohexaploidy, may have only happened in core eudicots. Interestingly, we find that vessel elements are present in T. sinense, which has two orthologs of AtVND7, the master regulator of vessel formation. T. sinense also has several key genes regulated by or regulating TsVND7.2 and their regulatory relationship resembles that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Resequencing and population genomics reveals high levels of genetic diversity of T. sinense and identifies four refugia in China. CONCLUSIONS: The T. sinense genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of eudicots and the mechanisms underlying vessel element formation. Population genomics analysis of T. sinense reveals its genetic diversity and geographic structure with implications for conservation.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom rostlinný * MeSH
• genom * MeSH
• Magnoliopsida genetika   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza MeSH
• syntenie MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• xylém MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

The codling moth Cydia pomonella, a major invasive pest of pome fruit, has spread around the globe in the last half century. We generated a chromosome-level scaffold assembly including the Z chromosome and a portion of the W chromosome. This assembly reveals the duplication of an olfactory receptor gene (OR3), which we demonstrate enhances the ability of C. pomonella to exploit kairomones and pheromones in locating both host plants and mates. Genome-wide association studies contrasting insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains identify hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with insecticide resistance, including three SNPs found in the promoter of CYP6B2. RNAi knockdown of CYP6B2 increases C. pomonella sensitivity to two insecticides, deltamethrin and azinphos methyl. The high-quality genome assembly of C. pomonella informs the genetic basis of its invasiveness, suggesting the codling moth has distinctive capabilities and adaptive potential that may explain its worldwide expansion.

• MeSH
• chromozomy hmyzu genetika   MeSH
• duplikace genu MeSH
• feromony metabolismus   MeSH
• genom hmyzu MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• insekticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• můry účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
• receptory pachové genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rezistence k insekticidům * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Aurora kinases are key regulators of mitosis. Multicellular eukaryotes generally possess two functionally diverged types of Aurora kinases. In plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), these are termed α- and β-Auroras. As the functional specification of Aurora kinases is determined by their specific interaction partners, we initiated interactomics analyses using both Arabidopsis α-Aurora kinases (AUR1 and AUR2). Proteomics results revealed that TPX2-LIKE PROTEINS2 and 3 (TPXL2/3) prominently associated with α-Auroras, as did the conserved TPX2 to a lower degree. Like TPX2, TPXL2 and TPXL3 strongly activated the AUR1 kinase but exhibited cell-cycle-dependent localization differences on microtubule arrays. The separate functions of TPX2 and TPXL2/3 were also suggested by their different influences on AUR1 localization upon ectopic expressions. Furthermore, genetic analyses showed that TPXL3, but not TPX2 and TPXL2, acts nonredundantly to enable proper embryo development. In contrast to vertebrates, plants have an expanded TPX2 family and these family members have both redundant and unique functions. Moreover, as neither TPXL2 nor TPXL3 contains the C-terminal Kinesin-5 binding domain present in the canonical TPX2, the targeting and activity of this kinesin must be organized differently in plants.

• MeSH
• aktivace enzymů genetika   MeSH
• Arabidopsis embryologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny asociované s mikrotubuly genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• semena rostlinná embryologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

• MeSH
• autofagie * fyziologie   MeSH
• biotest metody   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• směrnice MeSH