Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known for its Cry and Vip3A pesticidal proteins with high selectivity to target pests. Here, we assessed the potential of a novel neotropical Bt strain (UFT038) against six lepidopteran pests, including two Cry-resistant populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. We also sequenced and analyzed the genome of Bt UFT038 to identify genes involved in insecticidal activities or encoding other virulence factors. In toxicological bioassays, Bt UFT038 killed and inhibited the neonate growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Bt UFT038 and HD-1 were equally toxic against S. cosmioides, S. frugiperda (S_Bt and R_Cry1 + 2Ab populations), Helicoverpa zea, and H. armigera. However, larval growth inhibition results indicated that Bt UFT038 was more toxic than HD-1 to S. cosmioides, while HD-1 was more active against Chrysodeixis includens. The draft genome of Bt UFT038 showed the cry1Aa8, cry1Ac11, cry1Ia44, cry2Aa9, cry2Ab35, and vip3Af5 genes. Besides this, genes encoding the virulence factors (inhA, plcA, piplC, sph, and chi1-2) and toxins (alo, cytK, hlyIII, hblA-D, and nheA-C) were also identified. Collectively, our findings reveal the potential of the Bt UFT038 strain as a source of insecticidal genes against lepidopteran pests, including S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda.
- MeSH
- Bacillus thuringiensis * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců MeSH
- endotoxiny metabolismus MeSH
- faktory virulence metabolismus MeSH
- Glycine max MeSH
- hemolyziny genetika metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- insekticidy * farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- larva MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- můry * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Spodoptera metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb * MeSH
- infekční nemoci diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- ivermektin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- otrava diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- perinatální péče MeSH
- porod MeSH
- rozvojové země MeSH
- služby preventivní péče MeSH
- svrab diagnóza terapie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Afrika MeSH
The article deals with the Azadirachta indica tree, called neem, which, as well as its products, is used in traditional medicine, agrochemicals, as a source of biologically active substances, but also as part of food. It describes the main chemical components, namely azadirachtin.
- MeSH
- agrochemikálie chemie MeSH
- Azadirachta * chemie fyziologie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- insekticidy MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Článek popisuje strom azadirachtu indickou, zvaný neem, a výrobky z něj. Tyto výrobky se používají v tradiční medicíně, jako agrochemikálie, zdroj biologicky aktivních látek, ale i jako součást potravy. Článek popisuje hlavní chemické složky, jmenovitě azadirachtin.
The article deals with the Azadirachta indica tree, called neem, which, as well as its products, is used in traditional medicine, agrochemicals, as a source of biologically active substances, but also as part of food. It describes the main chemical components, namely azadirachtin.
- MeSH
- agrochemikálie chemie MeSH
- Azadirachta * chemie fyziologie MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- insekticidy MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- peruánská kůra,
- MeSH
- Anopheles fyziologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- antimalarika MeSH
- chinin * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- DDT farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- insekticidy * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie * dějiny etiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- Plasmodium růst a vývoj MeSH
- rezistence k insekticidům MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Pesticide residues are an important topic in many environmental studies, but little is known about the effects of pesticide residues of different ages on beneficial arthropods. Therefore, in this study the activity of residues of three different ages of several commonly used insecticides on the behaviour and mortality of European earwigs was evaluated in the laboratory and the effect of the insecticides was verified in the field. All residues of the biorational SpinTor® (spinosad), Radiant SC (spinetoram), and the conventional Steward® (indoxacarb) showed significantly faster mortality progression compared to the control in the laboratory. All the Steward® residues caused a significant wave of erratic behaviour as the earwigs went through a deep and relatively long moribund stage and resurrected. We verified the effects of SpinTor® and Steward® on changes in earwig abundance and their behaviour in the orchard. Earwigs abundance was significantly lower 16 days after application of biorational SpinTor® and conventional Steward® which had a significantly more pronounced and longer lasting effect. The earwig population stabilised by day 53 after the insecticide applications. Field applications of insecticides had no effect on earwig behaviour and sex ratio. Our results show that older residues have a negative effect on European earwigs equal to that of fresh residues, although their degradation should occur. It is interesting to note that biorational insecticides may not be safer than chemical insecticides.
- MeSH
- Auricularia MeSH
- hmyz MeSH
- insekticidy * toxicita MeSH
- predátorské chování MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů * toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ants are key ecosystem service providers and can serve as important biological control agents in pest management. However, the effects of insecticides on common farmland ant species are poorly understood. We tested the effects of three commonly used insecticides on ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). The tested insecticides were acetamiprid (neonicotinoid; formulated as Mospilan 20 SP), deltamethrin (pyrethroid; formulated as Sanium Ultra), and sulfoxaflor (sulfilimine; formulated as Gondola). We tested two ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species with different colony founding strategies, Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) and Myrmica rubra (Linnaeus, 1758). We sprayed their queens with insecticides at concentrations recommended for use in foliar applications in agriculture, i.e., at 1.25 g L-1 (acetamiprid), 0.6 g L-1 (sulfoxaflor), and 0.875 g L-1 (deltamethrin). Further, we diluted the compounds in distilled water and tested them at 10%, 1%, and 0.1% of the field-recommended concentrations, and used distilled water as a control. We monitored the survival of the queens and the number of eggs laid. All three tested insecticides caused severe lethal and sublethal concentration-dependent effects. Even at concentrations three orders of magnitudes lower than recommended for field applications, significantly lower numbers of eggs were found in the queens' nests. The extent of the sublethal effects of acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor was concentration-dependent and differed between the two ant species. Besides bees and bumblebees, ants represent an important group of hymenopterans that are severely affected even by low concentrations of the tested compounds and therefore should be included in risk assessment schemes.
- MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- Formicidae * MeSH
- insekticidy * toxicita MeSH
- neonikotinoidy toxicita MeSH
- včely MeSH
- voda MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- insekticidy aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- nosatcovití * patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- ochrana úrody metody MeSH
- oleje prchavé * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- pšenice MeSH
- rozmarýn MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) MeSH
- výzkumné techniky MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Lafarex,
- MeSH
- dezinsekce dějiny metody MeSH
- Formicidae * patogenita růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy * aplikace a dávkování dějiny MeSH
- kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.
- MeSH
- Asteraceae * chemie MeSH
- Culex * MeSH
- insekticidy * farmakologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči MeSH
- larva MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
