Pesticide residues are an important topic in many environmental studies, but little is known about the effects of pesticide residues of different ages on beneficial arthropods. Therefore, in this study the activity of residues of three different ages of several commonly used insecticides on the behaviour and mortality of European earwigs was evaluated in the laboratory and the effect of the insecticides was verified in the field. All residues of the biorational SpinTor® (spinosad), Radiant SC (spinetoram), and the conventional Steward® (indoxacarb) showed significantly faster mortality progression compared to the control in the laboratory. All the Steward® residues caused a significant wave of erratic behaviour as the earwigs went through a deep and relatively long moribund stage and resurrected. We verified the effects of SpinTor® and Steward® on changes in earwig abundance and their behaviour in the orchard. Earwigs abundance was significantly lower 16 days after application of biorational SpinTor® and conventional Steward® which had a significantly more pronounced and longer lasting effect. The earwig population stabilised by day 53 after the insecticide applications. Field applications of insecticides had no effect on earwig behaviour and sex ratio. Our results show that older residues have a negative effect on European earwigs equal to that of fresh residues, although their degradation should occur. It is interesting to note that biorational insecticides may not be safer than chemical insecticides.
- MeSH
- Auricularia MeSH
- hmyz MeSH
- insekticidy * toxicita MeSH
- predátorské chování MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů * toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, selected detrimental and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae, Tylopilus felleus, and Pleurotus ostreatus medicinal mushrooms. A. auricula-judae and T. felleus were collected from sampling sites situated in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic, while P. ostreatus samples were obtained after cultivation under defined conditions on a straw substrate block. The elements were determined in underlying soils for T. felleus and bioconcentration factors were calculated. The analysis revealed that T. felleus accumulated Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mg, with bioconcentration factors of 65.7, 2.47, 2.32, 1.93, 1.67, and 1.27, respectively. The analysis also revealed high contents (expressed as medians) of Ca (1600 mg/kg) and Mg (2040 mg/kg) in A. auricula-judae. On the other hand, the contents of detrimental elements such as Pb (0.10 mg/kg), Cd (0.33 mg/kg), and As (0.10 mg/kg) were lower. In cultivated P. ostreatus, lower element contents for Pb (< 0.05 mg/kg), Al (3.92 mg/kg), Ca (53.6 mg/kg), Mn (3.22 mg/kg), Ni (0.11 mg/kg), and Sr (0.93 mg/kg) were determined compared to both wild-growing A. auricula-judae and T. felleus. No negative effect on human health is expected for the mushroom species studied due to the accumulation of detrimental microelements.
- MeSH
- Agaricales * chemie MeSH
- Auricularia MeSH
- Basidiomycota MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- olovo MeSH
- Pleurotus * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
