Předložený článek se zabývá možnostmi využití psychodiagnostiky v manažerské práci, zejména pak při výběrových řízeních. Využití odpovídajících a vhodně zvolených psychodiagnostických nástrojů může pozitivně ovlivnit proces výběru zaměst- nanců a následně možnosti práce s nimi z pohledu vedoucích zaměstnanců. V textu jsou vymezena specifika při diagnostice v personální oblasti na rozdíl od klinické praxe. Akcentovány jsou parametry výběru vhodných dotazníkových metod – validita, reliabilita, ale i využitelnost výstupů pro manažerskou práci a možnost propojitelnosti na požadované kompetence. Shrnuty jsou i výstupy rozhovorů s manažery věnující se zkušenostem s využíváním psychodiagnostických nástrojů. Blíže jsou představeny vybrané metody – behaviorální rozhovor, Hoganův osobnostní dotazník, MBTI, NEO, Belbinův dotazník, LMI, BIP.
The article focuses on the use of psycho-diagnostic methods in management and HR management. Various methods and their classification are described and analysed for their best uses. Authors of the article work with the premise that while psychology itself developed in a neutral clinical environment, eventually it spread to other areas, such as HR management, with a completely different overall approach towards the examined subject. Where clinical psychology focuses on diagnostics separated from real life, HR psychology examines employees and job candidates in specific situations. It is further influenced by the HR professional’s experience and own, subjective calibration. Most managers have no psychological background and tend to think in precise, measurable terms unattainable in psychology. Thus reliability, validity, objectivity, and standardization of results is of utmost importance to the applied psychological methods and the results these methods provide. There are various ways of classifying psychological diagnostic methods in management. These include factors such as individuality, administration, or time-scope. The authors, however, choose to look at these methods in terms of their use and purpose. Non-testing methods are described first – observation, interview, anamnesis, and analysis of spontaneous products are introduced in detail. Following are personality and performance tests, analysis of their advantages and disadvantages and possible uses. The focus of the article lies in detailed analysis of selected psycho-diagnostic methods and their use in the recruitment process through the eyes of managers. The authors interviewed managers with experience in recruitment and selection of new employees and provided a brief overview of providers of each of the following analysed methods: Behavioural interview, Hogan Personality Index (HPI), Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), The Big Five Questionnaire (NEO), Belbin e-interplace, Achievement Motivation Inventory (LMI) and the Bochum Personality questionnaire (BIP). The outcome includes basic recommendations for the use of various psycho-diagnostic tools. The most important is the need for the identification of employee selection criteria. Appropriate psycho-diagnostic tools can be selected only once these criteria are well defined. The various tool providers often organise pilot runs to create diagnostic models that are tailored to specific job-positions or clients. Such models are often reliable, and their providers should be able to provide data about empirical test results, standardization of the used methods and detailed user and evaluation manuals. Evaluation reports for each candidate are a standard feature of such solutions. Further recommendations are: psycho-diagnostic tools are not the only source of information about candidates, the number of candidates and the overall time-frame designated for the hiring process play an important role too, some methods are good only for screening while other methods require professional psychologists. Some methods are better for specific positions or can be used to sieve candidates in the first round of the hiring process. And finally, the various tools can be combined for better results which should always be evaluated not in their absolute values but in relation to the desired position and the required competencies.
Biomechanics can be generally defined as the application of mechanics to biological systems. Biomechanics of injury then describes the effect of mechanical stress in terms of injury of the human body or human body response to impact and is further exploring the mechanisms by which these injuries occur. Cooperates closely and learns from biomechanics of sports, musculoskeletal system and extreme loads. For orientation in the evaluation of head injury, this study provides an overview of head injury criteria, their mutual comparison and correlation. Problems of wheelchairs is specifies in summary of their passive safety. Wheelchairs are primarily designed for the mobility of the impaired and their passive safety in the event when they will be used as a seat in a car was not taken into account during their development. Effective and efficient restraint systems of the wheelchairs are important for safe transportation of children and adults and the possibility to compare them in terms of injury biomechanics is a highly accented topic.
- Klíčová slova
- invalidní vozík, pasivní bezpečnost, náraz, HIC,
- MeSH
- automobily MeSH
- bezpečnost normy MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- doprava metody normy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kraniocerebrální traumata diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanické jevy MeSH
- motorová vozidla MeSH
- počítačová simulace trendy využití MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- prevence úrazů MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vozíky pro invalidy normy využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Commercially available devices objectifying the amount of pressure under the foot are often different in accuracy and reliability of results. The aim of this pilot study was to compare output values of plantar pressure within one step generated by the system Kistler and Footscan. Software synchronization of both devices was performed and it was found from the subsequent evaluation that the values of forces obtained from the device Footscan are lower than these obtained from the Kistler system. This linear correlation may be only used in the evaluation phase of the maximum loaded foot (peak area); in the phase of lightening foot from the ground the system Footscan is burdened with a significant error of measurement, probably due to nonlinearity in the mechanical properties of the surface of the measuring plate.
- Klíčová slova
- synchronizace měření, porovnání výstupů,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanické jevy MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry metody využití MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Knee-joint outhouse's (KO) are widely used by doctors as well as ordinary people. Manufacturers and researchers alike study the influence of KO on an area of knee-joint, but omit the spreading of this influence to more distant parts of a body. This work's objective is a verification of changes of human walk in relation to usage of three different types of KO by the means of observing plantar pressure distribution changes during healthy individuals‘ walk. The experimental set consisted of 5 healthy volunteers, 3 men and 2 women, 22-32 years old. These people had their plantar pressure distribution measured using tensometric platform by comparison of pressure sum under foot regions during foot-platform contact without KO and subsequently using three types of KO. Plantar pressure distribution displays a variation related to specific KO types. However, individual probands have displayed individual degree of variation and there have been no common behaviour observed among them. The results also correspond to individual findings on probands‘ motion apparatus, measured during preceding clinical examination. The results of intraindividually applied statistical method implicate that using a functional KO increased a pressure under middle forefoot, using a proprioceptive KO increased a pressure under lateral forefoot and decreased it under medial heel region and finally using a girdle decreased a pressure under both regions. The acquired results varied greatly in a reflection of every examined subject's individuality during such a complex motion a human walk is. Using three types of KO caused changes in plantar pressure distribution on a platform, mainly under medial and lateral forefoot and heel regions.
- Klíčová slova
- distribuce plantárního tlaku, kolenní ortéza, tenzometrická plošina,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- biomechanika fyziologie MeSH
- chůze fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- experimenty na lidech MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kolenní kloub fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- protetické prostředky využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
