The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between source-specific ambient particulate air pollution concentrations and the incidence of dementia. The study encompassed 70,057 participants from the Västerbotten intervention program cohort in Northern Sweden with a median age of 40 years at baseline. High-resolution dispersion models were employed to estimate source-specific particulate matter (PM) concentrations, such as PM10 and PM2.5 from traffic, exhaust, and biomass (mainly wood) burning, at the residential addresses of each participant. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounding factors, were used for the assessment. Over 884,847 person-years of follow-up, 409 incident dementia cases, identified through national registers, were observed. The study population's average exposure to annual mean total PM10 and PM2.5 lag 1-5 years was 9.50 μg/m3 and 5.61 μg/m3, respectively. Increased risks were identified for PM10-Traffic (35% [95% CI 0-82%]) and PM2.5-Exhaust (33% [95% CI - 2 to 79%]) in the second exposure tertile for lag 1-5 years, although no such risks were observed in the third tertile. Interestingly, a negative association was observed between PM2.5-Wood burning and the risk of dementia. In summary, this register-based study did not conclusively establish a strong association between air pollution exposure and the incidence of dementia. While some evidence indicated elevated risks for PM10-Traffic and PM2.5-Exhaust, and conversely, a negative association for PM2.5-Wood burning, no clear exposure-response relationships were evident.
- MeSH
- demence * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Švédsko MeSH
The adverse effects of air pollutants on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are unquestionable. However, in recent years, indications of effects beyond these organ systems have become more evident. Traffic-related air pollution has been linked with neurological diseases, exacerbated cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact air pollutant compositions and exposure scenarios leading to these adverse health effects are not known. Although several components of air pollution may be at play, recent experimental studies point to a key role of ultrafine particles (UFPs). While the importance of UFPs has been recognized, almost nothing is known about the smallest fraction of UFPs, and only >23 nm emissions are regulated in the EU. Moreover, the role of the semivolatile fraction of the emissions has been neglected. The Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects (TUBE) project will increase knowledge on harmful ultrafine air pollutants, as well as semivolatile compounds related to adverse health effects. By including all the major current combustion and emission control technologies, the TUBE project aims to provide new information on the adverse health effects of current traffic, as well as information for decision makers to develop more effective emission legislation. Most importantly, the TUBE project will include adverse health effects beyond the respiratory system; TUBE will assess how air pollution affects the brain and how air pollution particles might be removed from the brain. The purpose of this report is to describe the TUBE project, its background, and its goals.
The quality of care can be improved by the development and implementation of evidence-based treatment guidelines. Different national guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exist in Europe and relevant differences may exist among them.This was an evaluation of COPD treatment guidelines published in Europe and Russia in the past 7 years. Each guideline was reviewed in detail and information about the most important aspects of patient diagnosis, risk stratification and pharmacotherapy was extracted following a standardised process. Guidelines were available from the Czech Republic, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain and Sweden. The treatment goals, criteria for COPD diagnosis, consideration of comorbidities in treatment selection and support for use of long-acting bronchodilators, were similar across treatment guidelines. There were differences in measures used for stratification of disease severity, consideration of patient phenotypes, criteria for the use of inhaled corticosteroids and recommendations for other medications (e.g. theophylline and mucolytics) in addition to bronchodilators.There is generally good agreement on treatment goals, criteria for diagnosis of COPD and use of long-acting bronchodilators as the cornerstone of treatment among guidelines for COPD management in Europe and Russia. However, there are differences in the definitions of patient subgroups and other recommended treatments.
- MeSH
- bronchodilatancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- expektorancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
- plánování péče o pacienty MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
- výběr pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Anglie MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Finsko MeSH
- Francie MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Portugalsko MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
- Wales MeSH
European respiratory journal, ISSN 0904-1850 vol. 21, suppl. 40, May 2003
95s s. : tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- pneumologie a ftizeologie
- environmentální vědy
European respiratory review, ISSN 0905-9180 vol. 11, review no. 81, September 2001
146-165 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma MeSH
- imunoglobulin E MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- receptory IgE antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- pneumologie a ftizeologie
- alergologie a imunologie
