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MeSH: Association Learning-physiology

7 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Brain substratum of pathogenic neurotic belief in panic disorder: A single case study

Kukleta, Miloslav, 1939-2015
Autor Autorita Department of Psychiatry, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Activitas Nervosa Superior (2007). 2011 ; 53 (3-4) : 159-165.

Act. Nerv. Super. (2007)
ISSN 1802-9698
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek

Referential learning of French and Czech labels in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus): different methods yield contrasting results

Behavioural processes. 2010 ; 85 (2) : 90-98. [pub] 20100630

Behav Processes
ISSN 1872-8308
Medvik
Zdroj

Some African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), the most famous being Pepperberg's parrot Alex, are able to imitate human speech and produce labels referentially. In this study, the aim was to teach ten African grey parrots from two laboratories to label items. Training three parrots from the first laboratory for several months with the Model/Rival method, developed by Pepperberg, in which two humans interact in front of the subject to demonstrate the use of a label, led to disappointing results. Similarly, seven parrots from the second laboratory, having been trained with several variants of Model/Rival attained little success. After the informal observation of the efficiency of other methods (i.e. learning to imitate labels either spontaneously or with specific learning methods and use of these labels referentially), four different teaching methods were tested with two birds: the Model/Rival; Repetition/Association which consisted of repeating a label and presenting the item only when the parrot produced the label; Intuitive in which the experimenter handled an item and repeated its name in front of the subject; Diffusion in which labels with either variable or flat intonation were played back daily to parrots. One bird learned three labels, one of which was used referentially, with the Repetition/Association method. He learned one label non-referentially with the Model/Rival but no labels were acquired using the other methods. The second bird did not learn any labels. This study demonstrates that different methods can be efficient to teach labels referentially and it suggests that rearing conditions and interindividual variability are important features when assessing learning ability of African grey parrots.

Článek

Dopamine D2 receptors and alpha1-adrenoceptors synergistically modulate locomotion and behavior of rats in a place avoidance task

Behavioural brain research. 2008 ; 189 (1) : 139-144.

Behav Brain Res
ISSN 0166-4328
Medvik
Zdroj

The processing of spatial information is the focus of interest for many cognitive neuroscientists. Approximately 10 years ago, a novel behavioral paradigm called active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) was designed allowing the simultaneous assessment of locomotor and spatial behavior. The present study describes the effect of the combined treatment of Long-Evans rats with alpha1-adrenergic and D2 antagonists prazosin (1mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) and sulpiride (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) on locomotion and avoidance behavior in the AAPA task. Results show that co-application of both drugs leads to disturbances in locomotion and avoidance in rats at the doses, which caused no impairments when administered independently. This finding suggests that both types of receptors act synergistically to regulate locomotion and possibly spatial behavior.

Článek

Further study of the effects of dopaminergic D1 drugs on place avoidance behavior using pretraining: some negative evidence

Stuchlík, Aleš, 1974-
Autor Autorita

Behavioural brain research. 2007 ; 178 (1) : 47-52.

ISSN 0166-4328
Medvik
Zdroj

Dopaminergic neurotransmission is considered to modulate cognitive processes, including spatial memory. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the role of the D1 receptor system in an active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task using pretrained rats. Our previous results showed enhanced AAPA learning after systemic injections of low doses of D1 agonist A77636, and the impairment of AAPA acquisition by D1 blocker SCH23390 [Stuchlik A, Vales K. Effect of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and agonist A77636 on active allothetic place avoidance, a spatial cognition task. Behav Brain Res 2006;172(2):250-255]. In the present study, we used the intact-pretraining paradigm, in which animals were trained to the task prior to the injections and subsequently retrieval and reacquisition of AAPA while under the effects of the drugs was tested. Results showed that the intact pretraining partly eliminated the effects of A77636 and SCH23390 on AAPA performance, but a higher dose of SCH23390 caused a motor deficit in the retrieval session. We conclude that in the previous study, D1-active drugs may have had influence upon the non-spatial aspects of the AAPA.