The Chlamydiae are a phylum of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human and animal pathogens, yet their occurrence in the environment, their phylogenetic diversity and their host range has been largely underestimated. We investigated the seasonality of environmental chlamydiae in a Tyrrhenian coastal lake. By catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization, we quantified the small planktonic cells and detected a peak in the abundance of environmental chlamydiae in early autumn with up to 5.9 × 10(4) cells ml(-1) . Super-resolution microscopy improved the visualization and quantification of these bacteria and enabled the detection of pleomorphic chlamydial cells in their protist host directly in an environmental sample. To isolate environmental chlamydiae together with their host, we applied a high-throughput limited dilution approach and successfully recovered a Vexillifera sp., strain harbouring chlamydiae (93% 16S rRNA sequence identity to Simkania negevensis), tentatively named 'Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae'. Transmission electron microscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to prove the intracellular location of these bacteria representing the first strain of marine chlamydiae stably maintained alongside with their host in a laboratory culture. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and diversity of environmental chlamydiae in previously neglected marine environments.
- MeSH
- Chlamydiales klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- jezera mikrobiologie MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- ostrovy MeSH
Chlamydiae are intracellular bacterial parasites of eukaryotes, ranging from amoebae to humans. They comprise many novel members and are investigated as emerging pathogens. Environmental studies highlighted similarities between the ecologies of chlamydiae and legionellae, both groups being important agents of respiratory infections. Herein, we analyzed nasal samples from healthy persons, searching for the presence of amoebae, chlamydiae and legionellae. From a total of 25 samples, we recovered by PCR eight samples positive to chlamydiae and six samples positive to legionellae. Among these samples, four were positive to both organisms. The sequencing of 16S rDNAs allowed to identify (i) among Chlamydiae: Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila felis, and members of Rhabdochlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae and E6 lineage and (ii) among Legionellaceae: Legionella longbeachae, Legionella bozemanii and Legionella impletisoli. Unexpectedly, we also recovered Diplorickettsia sp. Amoebae collected from nasal mucosae, Acanthamoeba and Vermamoeba, were endosymbiont-free, and chlamydiae revealed refractory to amoeba coculture. This study shows common exposure to chlamydiae and legionellae and suggests open air activities like gardening as a probable additional source of infection.
- MeSH
- Amoeba klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Chlamydiales klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Legionellaceae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- nosní dutina mikrobiologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Chlamydophila pneumoniae je intracelulární patogen a významnou příčinou infekcí respiračního traktu. Infikovanými monocyty je schopna překonat hematoencefalickou bariéru, ale podle důkazů není kauzálním agens vyvolávající roztroušenou sklerózu. Chlamydie jsou citlivé k antibiotikům, které zasahují DNA a proteosyntézu, včetně makrolidů, azalidů, speciálně azitromycin, tetracyklinů a chinolonů. Dlouhodobá léčba chronických nemocí antibiotiky, jako roztroušené sklerózy, Alzheimerovy nemoci, astmatu, aterosklerózy, není prospěšná.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is an intracellular pathogen and important cause of respiratory tract infection. Monocytes may traffic Chlamydophila pneumoniae across the blood-brain-barrier but there is a strong evidence that Chlamydophila pneumoniae has not causal role in multiple sclerosis. Chlamydiae are susceptible to antibiotics that afect DNA and protein synthesis, including macrolides, azalide, specifically azithromycin, tetracyklines, and chinolones. Long-term antibiotic treatment of chronic disaeses, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer´s disease, asthma, atherosclerosis, is unlikely show any benefit. treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- chlamydie, chlamydie a chronické nemoci,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Chlamydiales klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae * patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- chronická nemoc farmakoterapie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Chlamydophila * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * etiologie MeSH
- terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Simkania negevensis is an obligate intracellular bacterium grouped into the order Chlamydiales. This new amoeba-resistant bacterium represents a novel aetiologic agent of bronchiolitis and community-acquired pneumonia in both adults and children. It has been suggested that Simkania could be an ubiquitous microorganism presented in water environments. In the natural history of infections with amoeba-related bacteria encountered in aquatic habitats, the transmissions by environmental aerosols or contaminated water/air systems have been extensively recognized. Therefore, understanding the feasibility of Simkania infection by these or similar routes is relevant. In the present work, we investigated the prevalence of this novel disease-associated microorganism in water samples from different sources by real-time PCR (qPCR). Our results show Simkania detection in 5 of 185 water analyzed samples (2.7%: 2 of 88 cooling towers and 3 of 8 waste water samples). However, no Simkania was detected in a drinking water.
- MeSH
- Chlamydiales klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody MeSH
- znečištění vody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Španělsko MeSH
- MeSH
- Chlamydiales analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- Rickettsiaceae analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
