Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been routinely used as additives in a number of consumer products for several decades in order to reduce the risk of fire accidents. Concerns about the massive use of these substances have increased due to their possible toxicity, endocrine disrupting properties and occurrence in almost all the environmental compartments, including humans and wildlife organisms. Several conventional BFRs (e.g. polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE)) have been included in the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants and their use has been restricted because of their established toxicity and environmental persistence. Over the past few years, these compounds have been replaced with "new" BFRs (NBFRs). Despite the fact that NBFRs are different chemical molecules than traditional BFRs, most of physical-chemical properties (e.g. aromatic moiety, halogen substitution, lipophilic character) are common to both groups; therefore, their fate in the environment is potentially similar to the banned BFRs. Therefore, this article has been compiled to summarize the published scientific data regarding the biodegradability of the most widely used NBFRs, a key factor in their potential persistency in the environment, and their ecotoxicological effects on humans and test organisms. The data reviewed here document that the mechanisms through NBFRs exibit their ecotoxicity and the processes leading to their biotransformation in the environment are still poorly understood. Thus emphasis is placed on the need for further research in these areas is therefore emphasized, in order to avoid the massive use of further potentially harmful and recalcitrant substances of anthropogenic origin.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• retardanty hoření metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

After the phase-out of two commercial mixtures of brominated flame retardants, an increasing number of alternative flame retardants have been introduced in commercial applications. None of them, however, has been thoroughly tested for its hormonal activity. We used two yeast reporter-gene assays to determine the potential of eleven compounds to interfere with estrogenic and androgenic pathways. Our data demonstrate the ability of 2,4,6-tribromophenol to lower the transcriptional activity of human estrogen and androgen receptors. A nominal IC(50) value of 14.1 μM for anti-estrogenic and 3.9 μM for anti-androgenic activity was obtained using the luciferase reporter. An IC(50) value of 9.2 μM was calculated for the anti-estrogenic activity measured by the β-galactosidase assay. Of the tested chemicals, this study highlights the endocrine disrupting effects of 2,4,6-tribromophenol whose occurrence in the environment should be monitored.

• MeSH
• androgenní receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• androgeny metabolismus   MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů toxicita   MeSH
• antagonisté estrogenu toxicita   MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retardanty hoření toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the main flame retardant used in printed circuit boards and laminates. The human population is highly exposed to TBBPA as it is used in consumer electronics as well as office and communication equipment. The main use of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is in insulation foam boards, which are widely used in the construction sector. Brominated flame retardants may possess endocrine disrupting activity and thus represent a threat to the environment, including humans and their reproduction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the oestrogenic effects of TBBPA and HBCD in vitro on MCF-7 cells. We used the proliferation test (E-screen assay) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of TFF1 gene expression to analyse oestrogenicity of the studied compounds. RT-qPCR has proved to be a fast and valuable molecular technique in gene expression quantification. HBCD but not TBBPA increased cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells and up-regulated TFF1 gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 inhibited up-regulation of TFF1 by HBCD. We have shown that HBCD displays oestrogen- like effects on MCF-7 cells. TBBPA, on the other hand, has not shown any oestrogenic effect mediated by the oestrogen receptor ?.

• MeSH
• alfa receptor estrogenů metabolismus   MeSH
• antagonisté estrogenu toxicita   MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• estriol analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• estrogeny analýza   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• polybrombifenylové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• retardanty hoření toxicita   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• bromované uhlovodíky toxicita   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí MeSH
• pracovní expozice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• pracovní lékařství
• chemie, klinická chemie
• politologie, politika, zdravotní politika
• přírodní vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO