In this study, culture supernatnats of Bacillus subtilis T-1 growing on brewery effluents and molasses was used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis. The biosurfactant production of B. subtilis T-1 was confirmed by the detection of genes in the genome and by the identification of the product in the supernatants. The genes for synthesis of surfactin (sfp, srfAA) and iturin (ituC) were noted by PCR reactions. Also, in examined culture supernatants the presence of C13, C14 and C15 surfactin homologues with the sodiated molecules [M + Na](+) at m/z 1030, 1044 and 1058 was confirmed using LC/MS/MS analysis. The formation of NPs in the culture supernatants was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy images showed the nanometric sizes of the biosynthesised Ag-NPs which ranged from several nm to several tens of nm depending on the used culture supernatant. Biological properties of Ag-NPs were evaluated by binding of Ag-NPs with DNA isolated from the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Biogenic Ag-NPs were actively bound to DNA in increased concentration which could be the one important mode of antibacterial action of the Ag-NPs.
- MeSH
- Bacillus subtilis genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- cyklické peptidy genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- lipopeptidy genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- melasa mikrobiologie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
- stříbro chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Saponins are polar compounds occurring in plants; their separation and identification are still problematic. Most of them must be purified by chromatography. The present review deals with theoretical background of biosynthesis and isolation of saponins from plant materials using both conventional and novel techniques. Several extraction techniques have been developed as alternatives to conventional extractions, offering certain advantages.
- MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody přístrojové vybavení trendy využití MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody využití MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě metody využití MeSH
- extrakce kapalina-kapalina metody využití MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- saponiny * biosyntéza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Rhamnolipidy patří mezi významné povrchově aktivní látky mikrobiálního původu a mohou být použity v mnoha aplikacích. Přestože je produkce rhamnolipidů nákladnější, než syntéza chemických surfaktantů, jsou chemické surfaktanty postupně nahrazovány rhamnolipidy v aplikacích kladoucí důraz na netoxická a biologicky odbouratelná agens.
Rhamnolipids are important surface active compounds of microbial origin, which could be used in many areas. Although, at present are rhamnolipids more expensive than chemical surfactants, they slowly substitute chemical surfactants in applications with demand on using of non-toxic and biodegradable agents.
The aim of present work was to study chemical structures and biological activities of rhamnolipid biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN1 isolated from oil-contaminated soil. The results of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that total rhamnolipids (RLs) contained 16 rhamnolipid homologues. Di-lipid RLs containing C(10)-C(10) moieties were by far the most predominant congeners among mono-rhamnose (53.29 %) and di-rhamnose (23.52 %) homologues. Mono-rhamnolipids form 68.35 % of the total congeners in the RLs. Two major fractions were revealed in the thin layer chromatogram of produced RLs which were then purified by column chromatography. The retardation factors (R (f)) of the two rhamnolipid purple spots were 0.71 for RL1 and 0.46 for RL2. LC-MS/MS analysis proved that RL1 was composed of mono-RLs and RL2 consisted of di-RLs. RL1 was more surface-active with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 15 mg/L and the surface tension of 25 mN/m at CMC. The results of biological assay showed that RL1 is a more potent antibacterial agent than RL2. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were inhibited by RLs that were independent of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. RLs remarkably enhanced the activity of oxacillin against MRSA strains and lowered the minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin to the range of 3.12-6.25 μg/mL.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
- glykolipidy chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- oxacilin MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Removal of nonionic surfactants from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied in 2009 and 2010. Extraction spectrophotometry with 3',3″,5',5″-tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester and KCl served to determine the analyte concentrations. Triton(®) X-100 was used as a standard to express the nonionic-surfactant concentrations. Anionic and cationic surfactants were shown not to interfere during the determination. Nonionic surfactants were degraded (to products undeterminable by the method) with a high average efficiency that reached 98.1% in 2009 and 99.1% in 2010, respectively. The average concentration of nonionic surfactants at the inflow was 0.978 mg/l, while it was close to the limit of quantification at the outflow (0.014 mg/l). A significant fraction of nonionic surfactants (38.7%) was already degraded during the pretreatment, and only 14.0% of the nonionic surfactants remained in the interstitial H(2) O taken in the vegetation bed at a distance of 1 m from the inflow zone at a 50-cm depth. Nonionic surfactants were degraded both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky analýza izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- antifungální látky analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody * analýza prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- detergenty analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hexachlorcyklohexan analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pesticidy analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza chemie normy MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza toxicita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vodní zdroje * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
