Výskyt střevních parazitů se v populaci, dle Informačního systému infekčních nemocí, snižuje. Záchyt je ovlivněn správností odběru stolice a metodou, kterou je vzorek vyšetřován. Na základě molekulárně biologické (PCR) diagnostiky vzorků stolic u 200 dětí jsme ukázali, že prevalence parazitóz je vyšší, než popisují dostupná data. Klinické symptomy a pozitivita výsledků v naší studii nekorelují. Eradikaci asymptomatických jedinců je třeba vždy zvážit, vzhledem k objevujícím se důkazům, že existuje nepřímá úměra mezi prevalencí střevních parazitóz a výskytem alergií, autoimunit, Crohnovy nemoci aj., stejně jako k nejasné patogenitě daných mikroorganismů.

The incidence of intestinal parasites in the population is decreasing according to the Information System of Infectious Diseases. Detection is affected by the accuracy of stool collection and the method by which the sample is examined. Based on PCR diagnostics of stool samples from 200 children, we showed that parasitosis prevalence is higher than the data described. Clinical symptoms and positivity in our study do not correlate. Eradication of asymptomatic individuals should always be considered given the emerging evidence that there is an indirect relationship between the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and the incidence of allergies, autoimmunity, Crohn's disease, etc., as well as the unclear pathogenicity of some of the microorganisms.

• MeSH
• Blastocystis hominis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• blastocystóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• dientamébóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• enterobióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Enterobius izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev * diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

Blastocystis is the most commonly found intestinal protist in the world. Accurate detection and differentiation of Blastocystis including its subtypes (arguably species) are essential to understand its epidemiology and role in human health. We compared (i) the sensitivity of conventional PCR (cPCR) and qPCR in a set of 288 DNA samples obtained from stool samples of gut-healthy individuals, and (ii) subtype diversity as detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) versus Sanger sequencing. Real-time PCR resulted in more positive samples than cPCR, revealing high fecal load of Blastocystis based on the quantification curve in most samples. In subtype detection, NGS was largely in agreement with Sanger sequencing but showed higher sensitivity for mixed subtype colonization within one host. This fact together with use of the combination of qPCR and NGS and obtaining information on the fecal protist load will be beneficial for epidemiological and surveillance studies.

• MeSH
• Blastocystis * genetika   MeSH
• blastocystóza * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• feces MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is a human gut symbiont of yet undefined clinical significance. In a set of faecal samples collected from asymptomatic children of six distant populations, we first assessed the community profiles of protist 18S rDNA and then characterized Blastocystis subtypes and tested Blastocystis association with the faecal bacteriome community. METHODS: Stool samples were collected from 244 children and young persons (mean age 11.3 years, interquartile range 8.1-13.7) of six countries (Azerbaijan 51 subjects, Czechia 52, Jordan 40, Nigeria 27, Sudan 59 and Tanzania 15). The subjects showed no symptoms of infection. Amplicon profiling of the 18S rDNA was used for verification that Blastocystis was the most frequent protist, whereas specific real-time PCR showed its prevalence and quantity, and massive parallel amplicon sequencing defined the Blastocystis subtypes. The relation between Blastocystis and the stool bacteriome community was characterized using 16S rDNA profiling. RESULTS: Blastocystis was detected by specific PCR in 36% (88/244) stool samples and was the most often observed faecal protist. Children from Czechia and Jordan had significantly lower prevalence than children from the remaining countries. The most frequent subtype was ST3 (49%, 40/81 sequenced samples), followed by ST1 (36%) and ST2 (25%). Co-infection with two different subtypes was noted in 12% samples. The faecal bacteriome had higher richness in Blastocystis-positive samples, and Blastocystis was associated with significantly different community composition regardless of the country (p < 0.001 in constrained redundancy analysis). Several taxa differed with Blastocystis positivity or quantity: two genera of Ruminococcaceae were more abundant, while Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, Lactobacillus and several other genera were undrerrepresented. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic children frequently carry Blastocystis, and co-infection with multiple distinct subtypes is not exceptional. Prevalence and quantity of the organism clearly differ among populations. Blastocystis is linked to both faecal bacteriome diversity and its composition.

• MeSH
• asymptomatické infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• Blastocystis klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• blastocystóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protozoální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ázerbájdžán MeSH
• Československo MeSH
• Jordánsko MeSH
• Nigérie MeSH
• Súdán MeSH
• Tanzanie MeSH

Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist colonizing the human intestine the prevalence of which varies across non-industrialized and industrialized countries. Its role in the human gut ecosystem remains unclear due to persisting gaps in knowledge of epidemiology and factors affecting gut colonization. Here, we aimed to expand the knowledge of the epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in the gut-healthy humans in one of the industrialized European countries, including the distribution of its subtypes, the correlation between its occurrence and several factors such as lifestyle, contact with animals, age, and sex. A total of 288 stool samples were obtained from asymptomatic individuals over the entire age-range and 136 samples from animals with which the volunteers were in frequent contact. All samples were examined in parallel by PCR and xenic in vitro culture. Blastocystis sp. was detected in samples from both human and non-human hosts. In humans, the overall prevalence was 24% and eight subtypes were found; in animals, the prevalence was 10%, and only five subtypes were detected. A higher incidence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in individuals (i) traveling outside Europe, (ii) in frequent contact with livestock, and (iii) over 50 years of age. We found no effect on gender on Blastocystis sp. colonization.Summary: This study provides data on the prevalence and diversity of the gut protist Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in a gut-healthy human population with emphasis on several factors such as contact with animals, lifestyle, age, and gender.

• MeSH
• Blastocystis * genetika   MeSH
• blastocystóza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• feces MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• amébiáza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• balantidióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• blastocystóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• cyklosporóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• giardiáza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• izosporóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kryptosporidióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosporidióza diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• protozoální infekce klasifikace   MeSH
• průjem etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was monitored in pigs of various age from 5 pig farms in Southern Bohemia. Prevalence was determined especially via cultivation in modified nutrient broth LES. In sucking pigs up to 2 days old Blastocystis sp. was not found; from 3 days Blastocystis sp. persists throughout the pig life. In droppings and in cultures there both vacuolar and granular forms were observed. Ameboid forms were not found. In culture ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Individual cells of Blastocystis sp. contained a central body, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, rarely a Golgi complex and numerous mitochondria. No essential differences from known ultrastructure of human Blastocystis hominis were found.

• MeSH
• Blastocystis izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• blastocystóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• kojená zvířata MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH