Cognitive control is relevant when distracting information induces behavioral conflicts. Such conflicts can be produced consciously and by subliminally processed information. Interestingly, both sources of conflict interact suggesting that they share neural mechanisms. Here, we ask whether conjoint effects between different sources of conflict are modulated by microstructural basal ganglia dysfunction. To this end, we carried out an electroencephalography study and examined event-related potentials (ERPs) including source localization using a combined flanker-subliminal priming task in patients with X-linked dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP) and a group of healthy controls. XDP in its early stages is known to predominantly affect the basal ganglia striosomes. The results suggest that conjoint effects between subliminal and conscious sources of conflicts are modulated by the striosomes and were stronger in XDP patients. The neurophysiological data indicate that this effect is related to modulations in conflict monitoring and response selection (N2 ERP) mechanisms engaging the anterior cingulate cortex. Bottom-up perceptual gating, attentional selection, and motor response activation processes in response to the stimuli (P1, N1, and lateralized readiness potential ERPs) were unaffected. Taken together, these data indicate that striosomes modulate the processing of conscious and subliminal sources of conflict suggesting that microstructural basal ganglia properties are relevant for cognitive control.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• antiparkinsonika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bazální ganglia patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dystonické poruchy farmakoterapie   patologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• genetické nemoci vázané na chromozom X farmakoterapie   patologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• konflikt (psychologie) * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozkové vlny fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas fyziologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

An important brain function is to predict upcoming events on the basis of extracted regularities of previous inputs. These predictive coding processes can disturb performance in concurrent perceptual decision-making and are known to depend on fronto-striatal circuits. However, it is unknown whether, and if so, to what extent striatal microstructural properties modulate these processes. We addressed this question in a human disease model of striosomal dysfunction, i.e. X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP), using high-density EEG recordings and source localization. The results show faster and more accurate perceptual decision-making performance during distraction in XDP patients compared to healthy controls. The electrophysiological data show that sensory memory and predictive coding processes reflected by the mismatch negativity related to lateral prefrontal brain regions were weakened in XDP patients and thus induced less cognitive conflict than in controls as reflected by the N2 event-related potential (ERP). Consequently, attentional shifting (P3a ERP) and reorientation processes (RON ERP) were less pronounced in the XDP group. Taken together, these results suggests that striosomal dysfunction is related to predictive coding deficits leading to a better performance in concomitant perceptual decision-making, probably because predictive coding does not interfere with perceptual decision-making processes. These effects may reflect striatal imbalances between the striosomes and the matrix compartment.

• MeSH
• corpus striatum patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dystonické poruchy patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• genetické nemoci vázané na chromozom X patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• rozhodování fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH