Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that belongs to the group of gasotransmitters along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). H2S plays a pivotal role in male reproductive processes. It is produced in various tissues and cells of the male reproductive system, including testicular tissue, Leydig and Sertoli cells, epididymis, seminal plasma, prostate, penile tissues, and sperm cells. This review aims to summarize the knowledge about the presence and effects of H2S in male reproductive tissues and outline possible therapeutic strategies in pathological conditions related to male fertility, e. g. spermatogenetic disorders and erectile dysfunction (ED). For instance, H2S supports spermatogenesis by maintaining the integrity of the blood-testicular barrier (BTB), stimulating testosterone production, and providing cytoprotective effects. In spermatozoa, H2S modulates sperm motility, promotes sperm maturation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction, and has significant cytoprotective effects. Given its vasorelaxant effects, it supports the erection of penile tissue. These findings suggest the importance and therapeutic potential of H2S in male reproduction, paving the way for further research and potential clinical applications.

• MeSH
• erektilní dysfunkce farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužská infertilita metabolismus   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• rozmnožování * účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• spermatogeneze * účinky léků   MeSH
• spermie účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfan * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• testis metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Inflammation is among the core causatives of male infertility. Despite male infertility being a serious global issue, "bits and pieces" of its complex etiopathology still remain missing. During inflammation, levels of proinflammatory mediators in the male reproductive tract are greater than usual. According to epidemiological research, in numerous cases of male infertility, patients suffer from acute or chronic inflammation of the genitourinary tract which typically occurs without symptoms. Inflammatory responses in the male genital system are inextricably linked to oxidative stress (OS). OS is detrimental to male fertility parameters as it causes oxidative damage to reproductive cells and intracellular components. Multifarious male infertility causative factors pave the way for impairing male reproductive functions via the common mechanisms of OS and inflammation, both of which are interlinked pathophysiological processes, and the occurrence of any one of them induces the other. Both processes may be simultaneously found in the pathogenesis of male infertility. Thus, the present article aims to explain the role of inflammation and OS in male infertility in detail, as well as to show the mechanistic pathways that link causative factors of male reproductive tract inflammation, OS induction, and oxidant-sensitive cellular cascades leading to male infertility.

• MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• infertilita patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Spermadhesins are proteins containing a characteristic CUB domain, originally isolated from seminal plasma and ejaculated spermatozoa in domestic animals. Boar spermadhesins are multifunctional proteins exhibiting ligand-binding abilities with various endogenous ligands present in the male and female reproductive tracts and may play a role in the reproduction process. Porcine spermadhesins (AQN, AWN, PSP protein families) are secreted mainly by the seminal vesicles, but their mRNAs have been found also in the cauda epididymis and prostate. Unlike AQN and AWN spermadhesins, localization of porcine seminal plasma (PSP) proteins in the boar reproductive tract has not been completely resolved. This work has focused on PSP protein expression and localization in the boar reproductive organs and on spermatozoa. Using specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies (anti-PSP I and anti-PSP II), PSP I and PSP II proteins were immunodetected in tissue extracts and in secretory tissues of cauda epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper's glands on the blots and by an indirect immunofluorescence technique, respectively. Moreover, the ability of PSP proteins to bind to epididymal spermatozoa indicated their presence on cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Porcine seminal plasma proteins bind to the sperm surface at ejaculation and may modulate several aspects of sperm activity during reproduction. PSP proteins are produced not only by seminal vesicles and prostate, but also by epididymis. However, their prospective role in sperm epididymal maturation is not clear. Further characterization of seminal plasma protein forms expressed in the individual reproductive organs will help to understand their subsequent role in the reproduction process.

• MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny semenné plazmy biosyntéza   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• rozmnožování fyziologie   MeSH
• sperma metabolismus   MeSH
• spermie cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Seminal plasma proteins bind the sperm surface at ejaculation and may modulate several aspects of sperm activity during reproduction. DQH sperm surface protein, present in boar seminal plasma, shows affinity to phoshorylcholine, acidic polysaccharides, oviductal epithelium and zona pellucida glycoproteins. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against DQH protein were prepared and used for determination of the DQH protein origin in boar reproductive organs, its localization on boar spermatozoa, and for investigation of its binding abilities in the porcine oviduct and to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The mRNA transcript of DQH protein was found in seminal vesicles and not in the testis, epididymis and prostate. Its translated products were immunodetected by MAbs in seminal vesicle extract and fluid, in seminal vesicle tissue sections and on the membrane-associated acrosomal part of ejaculated spermatozoa. These results confirm the ability of DQH protein to bind the sperm surface at ejaculation and to participate in formation of the sperm reservoir in the porcine oviduct. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies reduced binding of sperm to oocytes and proved the role of DQH protein in the sperm-zona pellucida primary binding.

• MeSH
• fertilizace MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• interakce spermie a vajíčka MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány metabolismus   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny semenné plazmy metabolismus   MeSH
• sperma MeSH
• spermie metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vejcovody metabolismus   MeSH
• zona pellucida metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH