Toxin weapon research, development, production and the ban on its uses is an integral part of international law, with particular attention paid to the protection against these weapons. In spite of this, hazards associated with toxins cannot be completely excluded. Some of these hazards are also pointed out in the present review. The article deals with the characteristics and properties of natural toxins and synthetic analogs potentially constituting the basis of toxin weapons. It briefly describes the history of military research and the use of toxins from distant history up to the present age. With respect to effective disarmament conventions, it mentions certain contemporary concepts of possible toxin applications for military purposes and the protection of public order (suppression of riots); it also briefly refers to the question of terrorism. In addition, it deals with certain traditional as well as modern technologies of the research, synthesis, and use of toxins, which can affect the continuing development of toxin weapons. These are, for example, cases of new toxins from natural sources, their chemical synthesis, production of synthetic analogs, the possibility of using methods of genetic engineering and modern biotechnologies or the possible applications of nanotechnology and certain pharmaceutical methods for the effective transfer of toxins into the organism. The authors evaluate the military importance of toxins based on their comparison with traditional chemical warfare agents. They appeal to the ethics of the scientific work as a principal condition for the prevention of toxin abuse in wars, military conflicts, as well as in non-military attacks.

• MeSH
• biologické toxiny chemie   dějiny   MeSH
• bioterorismus dějiny   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky chemie   dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
• vojenská věda dějiny   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

This article describes a brief history of chemical warfare, which culminated in the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention. It describes the current level of chemical weapons and the risk of using them. Furthermore, some traditional technology for the development of chemical weapons, such as increasing toxicity, methods of overcoming chemical protection, research on natural toxins or the introduction of binary technology, has been described. In accordance with many parameters, chemical weapons based on traditional technologies have achieved the limit of their development. There is, however, a big potential of their further development based on the most recent knowledge of modern scientific and technical disciplines, particularly at the boundary of chemistry and biology. The risk is even higher due to the fact that already, today, there is a general acceptance of the development of non-lethal chemical weapons at a technologically higher level. In the future, the chemical arsenal will be based on the accumulation of important information from the fields of chemical, biological and toxin weapons. Data banks obtained in this way will be hardly accessible and the risk of their materialization will persist.

• MeSH
• biologické bojové látky dějiny   MeSH
• chemická válka dějiny   trendy   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky chemie   dějiny   toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky k potlačení nepokojů chemie   dějiny   toxicita   MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• nanotechnologie trendy   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• vojenská věda dějiny   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické bojové látky dějiny   MeSH
• biologické toxiny dějiny   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky dějiny   MeSH
• halucinogeny dějiny   MeSH
• střelné zbraně dějiny   MeSH
• vedení války MeSH
• vojenská věda dějiny   metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• výbušné látky dějiny   MeSH
• zbraně dějiny   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Vojenská technika
• NLK Obory
• technika
• humanitní vědy a umění