Occupation as a welder has been associated with a 25%-40% increase in lung cancer risk. This study aims to elucidate to what extent confounding by smoking and asbestos drives this association and to evaluate the role of welding-related exposures such as chromium. The study included 2,197 male incident lung cancer cases and 2,295 controls from Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom from 1998 to 2001. Information on risk factors was collected through face-to-face interviews. Experts assessed exposure to 70 agents, and risk estimates were adjusted for smoking and occupational exposures. Occupation as a welder/flame cutter (prevalence controls: 3.7%) was associated with an odds ratio of 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.86) after adjustment for smoking and occupational exposures including asbestos. An odds ratio of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.38) was found for welding fumes (prevalence controls: 22.8%), increasing to 1.38 for more than 25 exposure years (95% CI: 1.09, 1.75). A duration-response association was also observed for mild steel welding without chromium exposure. In this population, occupational exposure to welding fumes accounted for approximately 4% of lung cancer cases, to which both stainless and mild steel welding contributed equally. Given that welding remains a common task for many workers, exposure to welding fumes represents an important risk factor for lung cancer.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- svařování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Rumunsko MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Spojené království MeSH
Analysis of vital statistics for the Czech Republic between 1986 and 1993, including 3,254 infant deaths from 350,978 first births to married and single women who conceived at ages 18-29 years, revealed a neonatal survival advantage for low-weight infants born to disadvantaged (single, less educated) women, particularly for deaths from congenital anomalies. This advantage largely disappeared after the neonatal period. The same patterns have been observed for low-weight infants born to black women in the United States. Since the Czech Republic had an ethnically homogenous population, virtually universal prenatal care, and uniform institutional conditions for delivery, Czech results must be attributed to social rather than to biologic or medical circumstances. This strengthens the contention that in the United States, the black neonatal survival paradox may be due as much to race-related social stigmatization and consequent disadvantage as to any hypothesized hereditary influences on birth-weight-specific survival.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- etnicita MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- kojenecká mortalita * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manželský stav MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- porodní hmotnost genetika MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- rasové skupiny MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rodné listy MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Acute effects of winter-type air pollution characterized by high levels of SO2, moderate levels of particles, and low acidity were studied. A panel of 155 asthmatic children and 102 adults with a history of asthma from the former German Democratic Republic cities of Erfurt and Welmar and from the Czech Republic city of Sokolov participated from September 1990 through June 1992. The panelists recorded daily symptoms, medication intake, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Statistical analysis was based on linear regression of population-averaged time series controlling for trend, meteorology, and autocorrelation. A temporospatial time series approach was also applied to the data to eliminate possible confounding by some known or unknown variables that occurred simultaneously in two of the study areas. Weak same-day effects and a stronger cumulative effect of air pollution on children was observed both for PEF and for symptoms. PEF decreased -0.90% (-1.35 to -0.46%), and a symptom score increased 14.7% (0.8-28.6%) in association with an average increase of 128 micrograms/m3 SO2 over the previous 5 days. Effects on adults were smaller and less consistent. Morbidity of children was best predicted by SO2 and sulfate concentrations. The authors conclude that prolonged, high exposure to winter-type pollution was associated with small adverse health effects in asthmatics.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- bronchiální astma chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- oxid siřičitý škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- počasí MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vrcholová exspirační průtoková rychlost účinky léků MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory krev mortalita MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- vitaminy krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Švýcarsko MeSH
