OBJECTIVE: Sparse data exist on the impact of upper urinary tract (UUT) decompression on the risk of UUT recurrence in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). This study aims to evaluate whether Double J stenting (DJS) can increase the risk of UUT recurrence compared to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1550 patients with cTa-T3NanyM0 BCa who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) between at 12 tertiary care centers (1990-2020). Patients with complete follow-up, no prior history of UUT cancer, and who required UUT decompression for preoperative hydronephrosis were selected. Hydronephrosis grade was defined according to established scoring systems. UUT recurrence was diagnosed through imaging, urinary cytology, and confirmed by selective cytology and ureteroscopy when possible. Propensity scores were computed to determine overlap weights and balance groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated UUT recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) before and after weighting. Cox regression analyses before and after weighting were fitted to predict UUT recurrence. RESULTS: Of 524 included patients, 132 (25%) and 392 (75%) patients were managed with DJS and PCN placement, respectively. Patients who received PCN had higher grade (≥ 3) of obstruction (34% vs. 14%) and pT3-4 tumors (70% vs. 36%) than patients with DJS. During a median follow-up of 19 months, 2-years UUT-RFS did not differ between groups (95% for PCN vs 92% for DJS, weighted HR 1.41, 95% CI, 0.55-3.59). There was no difference in 2-years weighted CSS (74% vs. 74%) and OS (67% vs 69%). Main limitations were the short follow-up and inclusion of patients uniquely undergoing RC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ureteral DJS does not increase the risk of developing UUT recurrence in BCa patients with hydronephrosis requiring UUT decompression. However, UUT recurrence was rare, and associations were weak, with findings susceptible to bias. Randomized trials are needed to validate these results.

• MeSH
• cystektomie MeSH
• hydronefróza etiologie   MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• perkutánní nefrostomie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sekundární malignity chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stenty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persistent prostatic specific antigen (PSA) represents a poor prognostic factor for recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, the impact of persistent PSA on oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing salvage RP is unknown. To investigate the impact of persistent PSA after salvage RP on long-term oncologic outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent salvage RP for recurrent prostate cancer between 2000 and 2021 were identified from twelve high-volume centers. Only patients with available PSA after salvage RP were included. Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariable Cox regression models were used to test the effect of persistent PSA on biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis and any death after salvage RP. Persistent PSA was defined as a PSA-value ≥ 0.1 ng/ml, at first PSA-measurement after salvage RP. RESULTS: Overall, 580 patients were identified. Of those, 42% (n = 242) harbored persistent PSA. Median follow-up after salvage RP was 38 months, median time to salvage RP was 64 months and median time to first PSA after salvage RP was 2.2 months. At 84 months after salvage RP, BCR-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival was 6.6 vs. 59%, 71 vs. 88% and 77 vs. 94% for patients with persistent vs. undetectable PSA after salvage RP (all p < 0.01). In multivariable Cox models persistent PSA was an independent predictor for BCR (HR: 5.47, p < 0.001) and death (HR: 3.07, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Persistent PSA is common after salvage RP and represents an independent predictor for worse oncologic outcomes. Patients undergoing salvage RP should be closely monitored after surgery to identify those with persistent PSA.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru * patologie   chirurgie   krev   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• nádory prostaty * chirurgie   patologie   krev   mortalita   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prostatektomie * metody   MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen * krev   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• záchranná terapie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) instillations are recommended to prevent recurrence of intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (IR-NMIBC); however, the optimal regimen and dose are uncertain. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant MMC and compare different MMC regimens in preventing recurrence. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in November 2023 for studies investigating recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients with IR-NMIBC who received adjuvant MMC. Prospective trials with different MMC regimens or other intravesical drugs as comparators were considered eligible. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall, 14 studies were eligible for systematic review and 11 for meta-analysis of RFS. Estimates of 1-yr, 2-yr, and 5-yr RFS rates were 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79-89%), 75% (95% CI 68-82%), and 51% (95% CI 40-63%) for patients treated with MMC induction plus maintenance, and 88% (95% CI 83-94%), 78% (95% CI 67-89%), and 66% (95% CI 57-75%) for patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) maintenance, respectively. Estimates of 2-yr RFS rates for MMC maintenance regimens were 76% (95% CI 69-84%) for 40 mg MMC (2 studies) and 66% (95% CI 60-72%) for 30 mg MMC (4 studies). Among the studies included, BCG maintenance provided comparable 2-yr RFS to 40 mg MMC with maintenance (78% vs 76%). RFS did not differ by MMC maintenance duration (>1 yr vs 1 yr vs <1 yr). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: MMC induction and maintenance regimens seem to provide short-term RFS rates equivalent to those for BCG maintenance in IR-NMIBC. For adjuvant induction and maintenance, 40 mg of MMC appears to be more effective in preventing recurrence than 30 mg. We did not observe an RFS benefit for longer maintenance regimens. PATIENT SUMMARY: For patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, bladder treatments with a solution of a drug called mitomycin C (MMC) seem to be as effective as BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) in preventing recurrence after tumor removal. Further trials are needed for stronger evidence on the best MMC dose and treatment time.

• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie metody   MeSH
• antibiotika antitumorózní * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intravezikální MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• mitomycin * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře neinvadující svalovinu MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: The existence and prognosis of T1LG (T1 low-grade) bladder cancer is controversial. Also, because of data paucity, it remains unclear what is the clinical history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treated T1LG tumors and if it differs from other NMIBC (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer) representatives. The aim of this study was to analyse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T1LG bladder cancers treated with BCG immunotherapy. METHODS: A multi-institutional and retrospective study of 2510 patients with Ta/T1 NMIBC with or without carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated with BCG (205 T1LG patients) was performed. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test for RFS and PFS to compare the survival between TaLG, TaHG, T1LG, and T1HG NMIBC were used. Also, T1LG tumors were categorized into EAU2021 risk groups and PFS analysis was performed, and Cox multivariate model for both RFS and PFS were constructed. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 52 months. For the T1LG cohort, the estimated RFS and PFS rates at 5-year were 59.3% and 89.2%, respectively. While there were no differences in RFS between NMIBC subpopulations, a slightly better PFS was found in T1LG NMIBC compared to T1HG (5-year PFS; T1LG vs. T1HG: 82% vs. 89%; P<0.001). A heterogeneous classification of patients with T1LG NMIBC was observed when EAU 2021 prognostic model was applied, finding a statistically significant worse PFS in patients classified as high-risk T1LG (5-year PFS; 81.8%) compared to those in intermediate (5-year PFS; 93,4%), and low-risk T1LG tumors (5-year PFS; 98,1%). CONCLUSIONS: The RFS of T1LG was comparable to other NMIBC subpopulations. The PFS of T1LG tumors was significantly better than of T1HG NMIBC. The EAU2021 scoring model heterogeneously categorized the risk of progression in T1LG tumors and the high-risk T1LG had the worst PFS.

• MeSH
• BCG vakcína terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunoterapie MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mycobacterium bovis * MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

CONTEXT: The impact of surgeon and hospital volume on outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for localised prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review on the association between surgeon or hospital volume and oncological and nononcological outcomes following RP for PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. All comparative studies for nonmetastatic PCa patients treated with RP published between January 1990 and May 2020 were included. For inclusion, studies had to compare hospital or surgeon volume, defined as caseload per unit time. Main outcomes included oncological (including prostate-specific antigen persistence, positive surgical margin [PSM], biochemical recurrence, local and distant recurrence, and cancer-specific and overall survival) and nononcological (perioperative complications including need for blood transfusion, conversion to open procedure and within 90-d death, and continence and erectile function) outcomes. Risk of bias (RoB) and confounding assessments were undertaken. Both a narrative and a quantitative synthesis were planned if the data allowed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Sixty retrospective comparative studies were included. Generally, increasing surgeon and hospital volumes were associated with lower rates of mortality, PSM, adjuvant or salvage therapies, and perioperative complications. Combining group size cut-offs as used in the included studies, the median threshold for hospital volume at which outcomes start to diverge is 86 (interquartile range [IQR] 35-100) cases per year. In addition, above this threshold, the higher the caseload, the better the outcomes, especially for PSM. RoB and confounding were high for most domains. CONCLUSIONS: Higher surgeon and hospital volumes for RP are associated with lower rates of PSMs, adjuvant or salvage therapies, and perioperative complications. This association becomes apparent from a caseload of >86 (IQR 35-100) per year and may further improve hereafter. Both high- and low-volume centres should measure their outcomes, make them publicly available, and improve their quality of care if needed. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed the literature to determine whether the number of prostate cancer operations (radical prostatectomy) performed in a hospital affects the outcomes of surgery. We found that, overall, hospitals with a higher number of operations per year have better outcomes in terms of cancer recurrence and complications during or after hospitalisation. However, it must be noted that surgeons working in hospitals with lower annual operations can still achieve similar or even better outcomes. Therefore, making hospital's outcome data publicly available should be promoted internationally, so that patients can make an informed decision where they want to be treated.

• MeSH
• chirurgové zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• nádory prostaty chirurgie   MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• pracovní zátěž MeSH
• prostata chirurgie   MeSH
• prostatektomie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• specializovaná centra se zvyšujícím se počtem výkonů a tím zvyšující se kvalitou léčby MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

CONTEXT: In men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with curative intent, controversy exists regarding the impact of biochemical recurrence (BCR) on oncological outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the existing literature on BCR after treatment with curative intent for nonmetastatic PCa. Objective 1 is to investigate whether oncological outcomes differ between patients with or without BCR. Objective 2 is to study which clinical factors and tumor features in patients with BCR have an independent prognostic impact on oncological outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. For objective 1, prospective and retrospective studies comparing survival outcomes of patients with or without BCR following radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT) were included. For objective 2, all studies with at least 100 participants and reporting on prognostic patient and tumor characteristics in patients with BCR were included. Risk-of-bias and confounding assessments were performed according to the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Both a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis were undertaken. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Overall, 77 studies were included for analysis, of which 14 addressed objective 1, recruiting 20 406 patients. Objective 2 was addressed by 71 studies with 29 057, 11 301, and 4272 patients undergoing RP, RT, and a mixed population (mix of patients undergoing RP or RT as primary treatment), respectively. There was a low risk of bias for study participation, confounders, and statistical analysis. For most studies, attrition bias, and prognostic and outcome measurements were not clearly reported. BCR was associated with worse survival rates, mainly in patients with short prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) and a high final Gleason score after RP, or a short interval to biochemical failure (IBF) after RT and a high biopsy Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS: BCR has an impact on survival, but this effect appears to be limited to a subgroup of patients with specific clinical risk factors. Short PSA-DT and a high final Gleason score after RP, and a short IBF after RT and a high biopsy Gleason score are the main factors that have a negative impact on survival. These factors may form the basis of new BCR risk stratification (European Association of Urology BCR Risk Groups), which needs to be validated formally. PATIENT SUMMARY: This review looks at the risk of death in men who shows rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood test performed after curative surgery or radiotherapy. For many men, rising PSA does not mean that they are at a high risk of death from prostate cancer in the longer term. Men with PSA that rises shortly after they were treated with radiotherapy or rapidly rising PSA after surgery and a high tumor grade for both treatment modalities are at the highest risk of death. These factors may form the basis of new risk stratification (European Association of Urology biochemical recurrence Risk Groups), which needs to be validated formally.

• MeSH
• kalikreiny krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru krev   mortalita   MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory prostaty krev   mortalita   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH