Cyanobacterial strain ARC8 was isolated from seepage coming into the river Dračice, Františkov, Czech Republic, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain ARC8 showed a typical Nostoc-like morphology and in-depth morphological characterization indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc. Furthermore, in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining methods, strain ARC8 clustered within the Nostoc sensu stricto clade. The phylogenetic distance and the positioning of strain ARC8 also indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc. Furthermore, the rbcL gene phylogeny along with the 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis also supported the findings from the 16S rRNA gene tree. In accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants we describe a novel species of Nostoc with the name Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov.
- MeSH
- Bayes Theorem MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Nostoc classification isolation & purification MeSH
- Rivers microbiology MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Base Composition MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes found in a range of environments. They are infamous for the production of toxins, as well as bioactive compounds, which exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial and protease inhibition activities. Cyanobacteria produce a broad range of antifungals belonging to structural classes, such as peptides, polyketides and alkaloids. Here, we tested cyanobacteria from a wide variety of environments for antifungal activity. The potent antifungal macrolide scytophycin was detected in Anabaena sp. HAN21/1, Anabaena cf. cylindrica PH133, Nostoc sp. HAN11/1 and Scytonema sp. HAN3/2. To our knowledge, this is the first description of Anabaena strains that produce scytophycins. We detected antifungal glycolipopeptide hassallidin production in Anabaena spp. BIR JV1 and HAN7/1 and in Nostoc spp. 6sf Calc and CENA 219. These strains were isolated from brackish and freshwater samples collected in Brazil, the Czech Republic and Finland. In addition, three cyanobacterial strains, Fischerella sp. CENA 298, Scytonema hofmanni PCC 7110 and Nostoc sp. N107.3, produced unidentified antifungal compounds that warrant further characterization. Interestingly, all of the strains shown to produce antifungal compounds in this study belong to Nostocales or Stigonematales cyanobacterial orders.
- MeSH
- Anabaena chemistry classification growth & development isolation & purification MeSH
- Antifungal Agents chemistry isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Aspergillus flavus drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Candida albicans drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Peptides, Cyclic chemistry isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Glycolipids chemistry isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Lipopeptides chemistry isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Molecular Structure MeSH
- Molecular Typing MeSH
- Nostoc chemistry classification growth & development isolation & purification MeSH
- Drug Discovery * MeSH
- Pyrans chemistry isolation & purification pharmacology MeSH
- Cyanobacteria chemistry classification growth & development isolation & purification MeSH
- Fresh Water microbiology MeSH
- Saline Waters MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Brazil MeSH
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Finland MeSH
Extensive selection of cyanobacterial strains (82 isolates) belonging to the genus Nostoc, isolated from different climatic regions and habitats, were screened for both their secondary metabolite content and their cytotoxic effects to mammalian cell lines. The overall occurrence of cytotoxicity was found to be 33%, which corresponds with previously published data. However, the frequency differs significantly among strains, which originate from different climatic regions and microsites (particular localities). A large fraction of intensely cytotoxic strains were found among symbiotic strains (60%) and temperate and continental climatic isolates (45%); compared with the less significant incidences in strains originating from cold regions (36%), deserts (14%), and tropical habitats (9%). The cytotoxic strains were not randomly distributed; microsites that clearly had a higher occurrence of cytotoxicity were observed. Apparently, certain natural conditions lead to the selection of cytotoxic strains, resulting in a high cytotoxicity occurrence, and vice versa. Moreover, in strains isolated from a particular microsite, the cytotoxic effects were caused by different compounds. This result supports our hypothesis for the environmental dependence of cytotoxicity. It also contradicts the hypothesis that clonality and lateral gene transfer could be the reason for this phenomenon. Enormous variability in the secondary metabolites was detected within the studied Nostoc extracts. According to their molecular masses, only 26% of these corresponded to any known structures; thus, pointing to the high potential for the use of many terrestrial cyanobacteria in both pharmacology and biotechnology.
- MeSH
- Amino Acids metabolism MeSH
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism MeSH
- Bacterial Toxins metabolism MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Hydroxy Acids metabolism MeSH
- Lipids MeSH
- Lipid Metabolism MeSH
- Nostoc chemistry classification metabolism MeSH
- Oligopeptides metabolism MeSH
- Review Literature as Topic MeSH
- Nitrogen Compounds MeSH
