To trace evolution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic, we tested 103 MRSA isolates from humans. Five (4.9%) were Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398, sequence types 1232 and 9181. Spread to the Czech Republic may result from travel to or from other countries.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny * biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exotoxiny * genetika   biosyntéza   MeSH
• leukocidiny * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) pose a global ecological problem, and their lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are among the bioactive compounds they release. Previous studies on CyanoHAB-LPS from single cyanobacterial species have shown varying bioactivities in different in vitro cell models. In this study, we isolated LPS from 19 CyanoHAB samples collected at 18 water bodies in the Czech Republic over two consecutive seasons. The proportions of cyanobacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (G-), and other bacteria in the biomass were determined by qPCR, while the cyanobacterial genera were identified using light microscopy. In vitro models of keratinocytes (HaCaT), the intestinal epithelium (co-culture of differentiated Caco-2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMC), and PBMC alone were treated with isolated LPS at concentrations of 50, 100, and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The endotoxin activities of these concentrations were within the range measured in the aquatic environment. Approximately 85-90% of the samples displayed biological activity. However, the potency of individual LPS effects and response patterns varied across the different in vitro models. Furthermore, the observed activities did not exhibit a clear correlation with the taxonomic composition of the phytoplankton community, the relative share of microbial groups in the biomass, endotoxin activity of the LPS, or LPS migration and staining pattern in SDS-PAGE. These findings suggest that the effects of CyanoHAB-LPS depend on the specific composition and abundance of various LPS structures within the complex environmental sample and their interactions with cellular receptors.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy * toxicita   MeSH
• sinice * MeSH
• škodlivý vodní květ MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known for its Cry and Vip3A pesticidal proteins with high selectivity to target pests. Here, we assessed the potential of a novel neotropical Bt strain (UFT038) against six lepidopteran pests, including two Cry-resistant populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. We also sequenced and analyzed the genome of Bt UFT038 to identify genes involved in insecticidal activities or encoding other virulence factors. In toxicological bioassays, Bt UFT038 killed and inhibited the neonate growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Bt UFT038 and HD-1 were equally toxic against S. cosmioides, S. frugiperda (S_Bt and R_Cry1 + 2Ab populations), Helicoverpa zea, and H. armigera. However, larval growth inhibition results indicated that Bt UFT038 was more toxic than HD-1 to S. cosmioides, while HD-1 was more active against Chrysodeixis includens. The draft genome of Bt UFT038 showed the cry1Aa8, cry1Ac11, cry1Ia44, cry2Aa9, cry2Ab35, and vip3Af5 genes. Besides this, genes encoding the virulence factors (inhA, plcA, piplC, sph, and chi1-2) and toxins (alo, cytK, hlyIII, hblA-D, and nheA-C) were also identified. Collectively, our findings reveal the potential of the Bt UFT038 strain as a source of insecticidal genes against lepidopteran pests, including S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda.

• MeSH
• Bacillus thuringiensis * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců MeSH
• endotoxiny metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• Glycine max MeSH
• hemolyziny genetika   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• insekticidy * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• můry * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Spodoptera metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ictal central apnoea is a feature of focal temporal seizures. It is implicated as a risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Here we study seizure-related apnoeas in two different models of experimental seizures, one chronic and one acute, in adult genetically-unmodified rats, to determine mechanisms of seizure-related apnoeas. Under general anaesthesia rats receive sensors for nasal temperature, hippocampal and/or neocortical potentials, and ECG or EMG for subsequent tethered video-telemetry. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), injected into hippocampus during surgery, induces a chronic epileptic focus. Other implanted rats receive intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to evoke acute seizures. In chronically epileptic rats, convulsive seizures cause apnoeas (9.9 ± 5.3 s; 331 of 730 convulsive seizures in 15 rats), associated with bradyarrhythmias. Absence of EEG and ECG biomarkers exclude obstructive apnoeas. All eight TeNT-rats with diaphragm EMG have apnoeas with no evidence of obstruction, and have apnoea EMGs significantly closer to expiratory relaxation than inspiratory contraction during pre-apnoeic respiration, which we term "atonic diaphragm". Consistent with atonic diaphragm is that the pre-apnoeic nasal airflow is expiration, as it is in human ictal central apnoea. Two cases of rat sudden death occur. One, with telemetry to the end, reveals a lethal apnoea, the other only has video during the final days, which reveals cessation of breathing shortly after the last clonic epileptic movement. Telemetry following acute systemic PTZ reveals repeated seizures and seizure-related apnoeas, culminating in lethal apnoeas; ictal apnoeas are central - in 8 of 35 cases diaphragms initially contract tonically for 8.5 ± 15.0 s before relaxing, in the 27 remaining cases diaphragms are atonic throughout apnoeas. All terminal apnoeas are atonic. Differences in types of apnoea due to systemic PTZ in rats (mainly atonic) and mice (tonic) are likely species-specific. Certain genetic mouse models have apnoeas caused by tonic contraction, potentially due to expression of epileptogenic mutations throughout the brain, including in respiratory centres, in contrast with acquired focal epilepsies. We conclude that ictal apnoeas in the rat TeNT model result from atonic diaphragms. Relaxed diaphragms could be particularly helpful for therapeutic stimulation of the diaphragm to help restore respiration.

• MeSH
• apnoe patofyziologie   MeSH
• bránice * patofyziologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• pentylentetrazol toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• relaxace svalu fyziologie   MeSH
• tetanový toxin toxicita   MeSH
• záchvaty * patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

x

x

• MeSH
• exfoliatiny izolace a purifikace   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• leukocidiny izolace a purifikace   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• septický šok etiologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * mortalita   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Several authors have attributed the explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1965 to a toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O37 based on unverified metadata associated with three particular strains from the American Type Culture Collection. Here, by sequencing the original strain preserved at the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures since 1966, we show that the strain responsible for this outbreak was actually a V. cholerae O5 that lacks the genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus protein and Vibrio pathogenicity islands present in V. cholerae O37 strains.

• MeSH
• cholera * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• cholerový toxin genetika   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
• gastroenteritida * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• genomové ostrovy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• Vibrio cholerae * genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Hemolyticko-uremický syndrom (HUS) je formou trombotické mikroangiopatie. Je charakterizován akutním poškozením ledvin, neimunní Coombs negativní hemolytickou anemií a trombocytopenií. Typický HUS je závažné onemocnění, které se rozvíjí v návaznosti na průjmové onemocnění způsobené patogenními kmeny Escherichia coli s produkcí Shiga toxinů, jež lze prokázat kultivačně ve stolici. Jedná se o onemocnění, které postihuje převážně děti do 5 let věku. K nákaze dochází zejména po požití kontaminované potravy. V klinickém obrazu dominují bolesti břicha, často křečovité a doprovázené průjmem bez nebo s příměsí krve, ikterus a postižení ledvin, které se projeví hematurií, proteinurií a zvýšenými parametry funkce ledvin. Současně dochází k rozvoji různého stupně krvácivých projevů na kůži. Obávanou komplikací je postižení centrálního nervového systému. Důležité je včasné rozpoznání a léčba pacienta na jednotce intenzivní péče s možností provedení hemodialýzy.

Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a form of thrombotic microangiopathy. It is characterised by acute kidney injury, non-immune Coombs-negative haemolytic anaemia, and thrombocytopenia. Typical HUS is a serious disease that develops as a consequence of diarrhoea caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, which can be detected in a patient’s stool culture. The disease primarily affects preschool children. The infection occurs mostly through ingestion of STEC-contaminated food. The clinical course is dominated by abdominal pain often accompanied by cramps and diarrhoea with or without blood, icterus, and acute kidney injury with haematuria, proteinuria, and elevated kidney function parameters. At the same time, skin and mucosal bleeding of various extent occurs. central nervous system involvement may develop as a life-threatening complication. It is important to timely recognize and treat patients in an intensive care unit with the possibility of haemodialysis.

• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hemolyticko-uremický syndrom * diagnóza   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli * diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• shiga toxiny toxicita   MeSH
• trombotické mikroangiopatie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus toxin (TeTX) are the deadliest biological substances that cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. Their astonishing potency and capacity to enter neurons and interfere with neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals have attracted much interest in experimental neurobiology and clinical research. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores, BoNTs and TeTX and their non-toxic fragments also offer remarkable opportunities to visualize cellular processes and functions in neurons and synaptic connections. This study presents the state-of-the-art optical probes derived from BoNTs and TeTX and discusses their applications in molecular and synaptic biology and neurodevelopmental research. It reviews the principles of the design and production of probes, revisits their applications with advantages and limitations and considers prospects for future improvements. The versatile characteristics of discussed probes and reporters make them an integral part of the expanding toolkit for molecular neuroimaging, promoting the discovery process in neurobiology and translational neurosciences.

• MeSH
• botulotoxiny chemie   MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sondy chemie   MeSH
• neurony * metabolismus   MeSH
• neurotoxiny * MeSH
• neurozobrazování * metody   MeSH
• synapse * metabolismus   MeSH
• tetanový toxin * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Inflammation-induced testicular damage is a significant contributing factor to the increasing incidence of infertility. Traditional treatments during the inflammatory phase often fail to achieve the desired fertility outcomes, necessitating innovative interventions such as cell therapy. METHODS: We explored the in vivo properties of intravenously administered Sertoli cells (SCs) in an acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mouse model. Infiltrating and resident myeloid cell phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry. The impact of SC administration on testis morphology and germ cell quality was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SCs demonstrated a distinctive migration pattern, importantly they preferentially concentrated in the testes and liver. SC application significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration as well as preserved the resident macrophage subpopulations. SCs upregulated MerTK expression in both interstitial and peritubular macrophages. Applied SC treatment exhibited protective effects on sperm including their motility and kinematic parameters, and maintained the physiological testicular morphology. CONCLUSION: Our study provides compelling evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of SC transplantation in alleviating acute inflammation-induced testicular damage. These findings contribute to the expanding knowledge on the potential applications of cell-based therapies for addressing reproductive health challenges and offer a promising approach for targeted interventions in male infertility.

• MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy toxicita   MeSH
• makrofágy metabolismus   MeSH
• motilita spermií MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Sertoliho buňky * metabolismus   MeSH
• spermie * metabolismus   MeSH
• testis MeSH
• tyrosinkinasa c-Mer metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• zánět * patologie   terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Online atlas, který se zaměřuje na myosonologii při aplikaci botulotoxinu do svalů při léčbě spastické parézy a dystonie. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• botulotoxiny MeSH
• dystonie MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• paréza MeSH
• svalová spasticita MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• neurologie
• ortopedie
• NLK Publikační typ
• software