Laatikainen, T*
Dotaz
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- MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- bronchiální astma farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- bronchodilatancia aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- budesonid aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dehydroepiandrosteronsulfát krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hydrokortison krev MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kůra nadledvin účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- usilovný výdechový objem MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates have fallen across most of Europe in recent decades. However, substantial risk factor reductions have not been achieved across all Europe. Our aim was to quantify the potential impact of future policy scenarios on diet and lifestyle on CHD mortality in 9 European countries. METHODS: We updated the previously validated IMPACT CHD models in 9 European countries and extended them to 2010-11 (the baseline year) to predict reductions in CHD mortality to 2020(ages 25-74years). We compared three scenarios: conservative, intermediate and optimistic on smoking prevalence (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%); saturated fat intake (1%, 2% and 3% absolute decreases in % energy intake, replaced by unsaturated fats); salt (relative decreases of 10%, 20% and 30%), and physical inactivity (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Under the conservative, intermediate and optimistic scenarios, we estimated 10.8% (95% CI: 7.3-14.0), 20.7% (95% CI: 15.6-25.2) and 29.1% (95% CI: 22.6-35.0) fewer CHD deaths in 2020. For the optimistic scenario, 15% absolute reductions in smoking could decrease CHD deaths by 8.9%-11.6%, Salt intake relative reductions of 30% by approximately 5.9-8.9%; 3% reductions in saturated fat intake by 6.3-7.5%, and 15% absolute increases in physical activity by 3.7-5.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Modest and feasible policy-based reductions in cardiovascular risk factors (already been achieved in some other countries) could translate into substantial reductions in future CHD deaths across Europe. However, this would require the European Union to more effectively implement powerful evidence-based prevention policies.
- MeSH
- dietní tuky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci dietoterapie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky mortalita trendy MeSH
- kuchyňská sůl * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita trendy MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
beta-Amyloid (Abeta) polypeptide plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by progressive decline of cognitive functions, formation of Abeta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of neurons. Increased genetic production or direct intracerebral administration of Abeta in animal models results in Abeta deposition, gliosis, and impaired cognitive functions. Whether aging renders the brain prone to Abeta and whether inflammation is required for Abeta-induced learning deficits is unclear. We show that intraventricular infusion of Abeta1-42 results in learning deficits in 9-month-old but not 2.5-month-old mice. Deficits that become detectable 12 weeks after the infusion are associated with a slight reduction in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase activity but do not correlate with Abeta deposition and are not associated with gliosis. In rats, Abeta infusion induced learning deficits that were detectable 6 months after the infusion. Approximately 20% of the Abeta immunoreactivity in rats was associated with astrocytes. NMR spectrum analysis of the animals cerebrospinal fluid revealed a strong reduction trend in several metabolites in Abeta-infused rats, including lactate and myo-inositol, supporting the idea of dysfunctional astrocytes. Even a subtle increase in brain Abeta1-42 concentration may disrupt normal metabolism of astrocytes, resulting in altered neuronal functions and age-related development of learning deficits independent of Abeta deposition and inflammation.
- MeSH
- amyloidní beta-protein aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- bludiště - učení účinky léků MeSH
- intravenózní infuze MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- mozek cytologie enzymologie patologie MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- poruchy učení chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- zánět metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
