Eucestoda
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New data on spermiogenesis and the ultrastructure of spermatozoa of 'true' tapeworms (Eucestoda) are summarized. Since 2001, more than 50 species belonging to most orders of the Eucestoda have been studied or reinvestigated, particularly members of the Caryophyllidea, Spathebothriidea, Diphyllobothriidea, Bothriocephalidea, Trypanorhyncha, Tetraphyllidea, Proteocephalidea, and Cyclophyllidea. A new classification of spermatozoa of eucestodes into seven basic types is proposed and a key to their identification is given. For the first time, a phylogenetic tree inferred from spermatological characters is provided. New information obtained in the last decade has made it possible to fill numerous gaps in the character data matrix, enabling us to carry out a more reliable analysis of the evolution of ultrastructural characters of sperm and spermiogenesis in eucestodes. The tree is broadly congruent with those based on morphological and molecular data, indicating that convergent evolution of sperm characters in cestodes may not be as common as in other invertebrate taxa. The main gaps in the current knowledge of spermatological characters are mapped and topics for future research are outlined, with special emphasis on those characters that might provide additional information about the evolution of tapeworms and their spermatozoa. Future studies should be focused on representatives of those major groups (families and orders) in which molecular data indicate paraphyly or polyphyly (e.g. 'Tetraphyllidea' and Trypanorhyncha) and on those that have a key phylogenetic position among eucestodes (e.g. Diphyllidea, 'Tetraphyllidea', Lecanicephalidea, Nippotaeniidea).
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- Cestoda genetika fyziologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 is a genus of cestodes belonging to the family Diphyllobothriidae. To date, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals are known second intermediate hosts of these parasites; humans can also be infected (the zoonotic disease is known as sparganosis or spirometrosis). Although the number of phylogenetic studies on Spirometra spp. has increased worldwide in recent years, there are few in South America. Specifically in Uruguay, molecular studies have shown that tapeworms of S. decipiens (Diesing, 1850) complexes 1 and 2 are present in this country. In this study, we characterised the larvae of Spirometra present in the annual fish Austrolebias charrua Costa et Cheffe. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these larvae showed that they belong to S. decipiens complex 1. This is the first report of teleost fishes serving as a second intermediate host for tapeworms of the genus Spirometra in nature.
- MeSH
- Cestoda * MeSH
- cestodózy * veterinární parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- savci MeSH
- Spirometra * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In November of 2013, a specimen of Japanese sleeper ray, Narke japonica (Temminck et Schlegel), caught off Nanfang-ao, Taiwan was found to be parasitised by the cestode Anteropora japonica (Yamaguti, 1934). Specimens comprised whole worms and free proglottids, both of varying degrees of maturity. This material allowed for the opportunity to examine in detail the developmental progression of this hyperapolytic lecanicephalidean species with regard to overall size, scolex dimensions, and microthrix pattern. Complete immature worms ranged in size from 2.4 mm to 14 mm. The smallest scoleces were half as wide as larger scoleces and exhibited a much smaller ratio of apical organ width to bothridial width. Proglottids more than quadrupled in length during maturation from terminal attached immature to detached proglottids. In addition, a change in microthrix pattern was observed on the anterior region of the proglottids from immature to gravid proglottids; the anterior region of attached immature proglottids is covered with gladiate to coniform spinitriches with capilliform filitriches only rarely visible, whereas this region in detached proglottids is covered with gladiate to coniform spinitriches and conspicuous capilliform filitriches. This is the first report of A. japonica from outside Japan expanding its distribution south to Taiwan. In addition, a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genus is presented that suggests congeners from the same host species are not each other's closest relatives, nor is there an apparent phylogenetic signal for apical organ type or reproductive strategy (apolysis). However, reproductive strategy does seem to be correlated with host group such that euapolytic species parasitise dasyatid stingrays while hyperapolytic species parasitise either torpediniform rays or orectolobiform sharks.
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- rejnokovití * MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Batoidea: Potamotrygonidae) host a diversity of parasites, including some, like their hosts, that are marine-derived. Among the parasites of potamotrygonids, the cestode fauna is the most diverse, with multiple genera having been reported, including genera endemic to the freshwaters of the Neotropics and genera that have cosmopolitan distributions. Recent efforts have been made to document the diversity of cestodes of this host-parasite system and to refine the taxonomy of parasite lineages. The present study contributes to our knowledge of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890, a diverse cosmopolitan genus of rhinebothriidean cestode, with 37 species reported from marine batoids, one species from a freshwater stingray in Borneo and six species from potamotrygonids. Rhinebothrium jaimei sp. n. is described from two species of potamotrygonids, Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau) (type host) and Potamotrygon scobina Garman, from Bahía de Marajó of the lower Amazon region. It can be distinguished from most of its marine congeners via multiple attributes, including its possession of two, rather than one, posteriormost loculi on its bothridia and the lomeniform shape of its bothridium that is wider anteriorly. In addition, R. jaimei sp. n. can be distinguished from the six Rhinebothrium species described previously from potamotrygonids based on a unique combination of morphological features. Despite extensive stingray cestode sampling efforts throughout all major Neotropical river systems, we found that unlike most species of potamotrygonid Rhinebothrium species, which are widespread, R. jaimei sp. n. is restricted to the Bahía de Marajó. The discovery of this new species of Rhinebothrium in Bahía de Marajó, an area in which potamotrygonids occur sympatrically with some species of euryhaline batoids (e.g. Dasyatis spp.) and share some trophic resources, suggest that modern ecological processes may be contributing to the distribution patterns of cestodes infecting potamotrygonids.
The examination of the type series of Ophiotaenia gallardi (Johnston, 1911) (syn. Proteocephalus gallardi Johnston, 1911) revealed that it is a mixture of two species of different genera. Lectotype of Ophiotaenia gallardi is designated and the species is redescribed on the basis of it, conspecific paralectotypes and additional materials. The remaining part of the type series belongs to Vandiermenia gen. n. (Acanthotaeniinae), with V. beveridgei sp. n. as the type- and only species. The new genus differs from all other acanthotaeniine genera, i.e. Rostellotaenia Freze, 1963, Acanthotaenia von Linstow, 1903 and Kapsulotaenia Freze, 1963, by the presence of cortical uterine stem and paramuscular vitelline follicles, particular structure of the internal longitudinal musculature (absent laterally and more developed than in the three above-mentioned genera) and testes limited in two fields separated medially. Type series of Ophiotaenia mjobergi (Nybelin, 1917) (syn. Crepidobothrium mjobergi Nybelin, 1917), O. amphiboluri (Nybelin, 1917) (syn. Crepidobothrium amphiboluri Nybelin, 1917), O. striata (Johnston, 1914) (syn. Acanthotaenia striata Johnston, 1914) and O. longmani Johnston, 1916 are revised and compared with Ophiotaenia gallardi. Australotaenia hylae (Johnston, 1912) comb. n. is proposed for Ophiotaenia hylae Johnston, 1912. Australotaenia gen. n. differs from the remaining genera of the subfamily Acanthotaeniinae by (1) the Type 2 of the formation of the uterus (sensu de Chambrier et al. 2004) (all the other acanthotaeniines have the Type 1 of uterine development), (2) the cortical position of the uterine stem (all the other genera have medullary uterine stem) and (3) the morphology of the internal longitudinal musculature, which is composed of few well-developed bundles of fibres (in contrast to the other genera). The new genus also differs from Vandiermenia by eggs not in clusters, the presence of two testicular fields (versus one in Vandiermenia) and the structure of the longitudinal internal musculature with only 8–10 bundles (versus formed by numerous bundles and with the presence of secondary muscles in Vandiermenia). Ophiotaenia sp. sensu de Chambrier (2004), a parasite of Litoria moorei, is described as Australotaenia grobeli sp. n., which can be distinguished from Australotaenia hylae by the smaller number of testes (46–76 versus 74–106), greater cirrus-sac length/width of proglottis ratio (27–33% versus 17–19%) and the smaller ovary width / proglottis width ratio (55–63% versus 68–71%). Keywords: Proteocephalidea, Ophiotaenia gallardi, Vandiermenia beveridgei
- MeSH
- Cestoda izolace a purifikace klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- obojživelníci parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Potorolepis gulyaevi sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) is described from the Chinese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus Andersen (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), from southern China. The new species differs from known species of the genus by the shape, number and size of rostellar hooks, the relative position and length of the cirrus-sac and the morphology of gravid uterus. This is the first report of a member of the genus from non-marsupial mammals and the first record of a Potorolepis Spassky, 1994 from eastern Asia. The generic diagnosis of Potorolepis is amended.
- MeSH
- Cestoda klasifikace MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Chiroptera * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Spermatozoon formation in Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902) is characterised by the following: (1) apical electron-dense material in the zone of differentiation, (2) typical striated roots situated unconventionally in opposite directions in early stages of spermiogenesis, (3) intercentriolar body composed of three electron-dense and two electron-lucent plates, (4) free flagellum and a flagellar bud that correspond to a greatly reduced flagellum and (5) rotation of free flagellum and a flagellar bud to the median cytoplasmic process at 90°. The development of two flagella of significantly unequal length clearly supports a derived form of spermiogenesis in the Caryophyllidea. New for cestodes is a finding of two additional striated roots situated opposite each other, in conjunction with both the flagellar bud and free flagellum. Mutual position of additional striated roots and typical striated roots is parallel in early stages and perpendicular in advanced stages of spermiogenesis. A complete proximodistal fusion gives rise to a mature spermatozoon consisting of one axoneme, parallel cortical microtubules, a nucleus and a moderately electron-dense cytoplasm with glycogen particles, detected by a technique of Thiéry (J Microsc 6:987-1018, 1967), in the principal regions (II, III, IV). Electron tomography analysis of the free flagellum and one axoneme of a mature spermatozoon of C. fennica provides clear evidence, for the first time, that two tubular structures are present in the central axonemal electron-dense core. Phylogenetically important aspects of spermiogenesis of the Caryophyllidea with one axoneme, and other cestodes with one or two axonemes, are briefly reviewed and discussed.
- MeSH
- axonema ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné jádro ultrastruktura MeSH
- Cestoda ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy MeSH
- flagella ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikrotubuly ultrastruktura MeSH
- spermatogeneze fyziologie MeSH
- spermie ultrastruktura MeSH
- tomografie elektronová MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Margaritaella gracilis gen. n. et sp. n. (Proteocephalidea: Proteocephalinae) found in the intestine of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus) from the Paraná River basin is described. The new genus is placed in the Proteocephalinae because of the medullary position of the genital organs. It differs from all known genera included in the Proteocephalinae by the following combination of characters: 1) scolex with a conspicuous cluster of drop-shaped gland cells posterior to suckers; 2) strobila with a low number of proglottides, all much longer than wide; 3) testes arranged in one field, composed of two parallel rows of testes separated by the uterus; 4) ovary delicate, H-shaped, with branches slender and deeply folliculate at the edges, located at 25–35% from the posterior end; 5) uterus largely extended posterior to the ovary but not reaching the end of proglottis; and 6) vitelline follicles in two narrow lateral bands, largely extended posterior to the ovary. Scanning electron microscopy revealed three types of microtriches on the tegument surface: acicular and capiliform filitriches and gladiate spinitriches. The relative size of the ovary, a character recently used in the systematics of the proteocephalidean cestodes, was calculated for the new species and compared with other species of the group. M. gracilis is the first record of a proteocephalidean cestode parasitizing a callichthyid catfish.
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- sumci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Argentina MeSH
