• Publication type
• Published Erratum MeSH

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 psychology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Emotions * MeSH
• Emotional Regulation * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

• MeSH
• Autophagy * physiology   MeSH
• Autophagosomes MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Biological Assay standards   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lysosomes MeSH
• Autophagy-Related Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Guideline MeSH

Akademická příručka doplněná o výkladové části Internetové jazykové příručky od kolektivu autorů Ústavu pro jazyk český AV ČR.

• Keywords
• čeština,
• MeSH
• Linguistics MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Čeština
• NML Fields
• lingvistika, lékařská terminologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P < 1 × 10-4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder.

• MeSH
• Bipolar Disorder classification   genetics   MeSH
• Genome-Wide Association Study MeSH
• Depressive Disorder, Major genetics   MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Genetic Loci * MeSH
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders genetics   MeSH
• Schizophrenia genetics   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Systems Biology MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

The aim of this work was to compare 10 mostly edible aboveground and 10 wood-growing mushroom species collected near a heavily trafficked road (approximately 28,000 vehicles per 24 h) in Poland with regard to their capacity to accumulate 26 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, In, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Re, Sb, Se, Sr, Te, Tl, and Zn) in their fruit bodies in order to illustrate mushroom diversity in element accumulation. All analyses were performed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) spectrometer in synchronous dual view mode. The aboveground species had significantly higher levels of 12 elements, including Ag, As, Pb, and Se, compared to the wood-growing species. An opposite relationship was observed only for Au, Ba, and Sr. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) implied some new relationships among the analyzed species and elements. Of the analyzed mushroom species, lead content in Macrolepiota procera would seem to pose a health risk; however, at present knowledge regarding lead bioaccessibility from mushrooms is quite limited.

• MeSH
• Agaricales chemistry   MeSH
• Principal Component Analysis MeSH
• Transportation MeSH
• Environmental Pollutants analysis   MeSH
• Environmental Monitoring methods   MeSH
• Cluster Analysis MeSH
• Trace Elements analysis   MeSH
• Vegetables MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Poland MeSH

• MeSH
• Autophagy * physiology   MeSH
• Biological Assay methods   standards   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Guideline MeSH

Internetovou jazykovou příručku kolektivu autorů Ústavu pro jazyk český AV ČR využilo během prvních tří let od jejího zpřístupnění více než milion uživatelů. Její výkladová část nyní vychází poprvé knižně. Najdete zde obecná poučení o českém jazyce, zejména o pravopisu, tvarosloví a některých syntaktických jevech. Ve výkladech se uvádějí i rozpory v údajích, které jednotlivé jazykové příručky přinášejí, nebo rozdíly mezi kodifikací a spisovným územ, a to s hodnotícím komentářem a doporučeným řešením. Kniha je určena jak široké veřejnosti, tak profesionálním uživatelům, zvláště učitelům a studentům.

• MeSH
• Language MeSH
• Linguistics MeSH
• Writing MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Čeština
• NML Fields
• lingvistika, lékařská terminologie

Toxikologie je dnes součástí studia medicíny, a tak si tento obor vyžádal i učební text nejen shrnující základní poznatky z této disciplíny, ale rovněž reflektující aktuální problematiku, jako je např. toxikomanie, podmínky testování různých látek na laboratorních zvířatech, ochrana životního prostředí a negativní účinky chemických škodlivin nejen v průmyslu a zemědělství, ale i v domácnostech, zneužití bojových otravných látek extremistickými a teroristickými skupinami apod. Rozsah i výběr jednotlivých kapitol je dán určením cílové skupiny čtenářů této publikace – tou jsou především studující druhého ročníku medicíny, kteří uplatní základy toxikologických znalostí nejen v chemii, ale i ve farmakologii a později i v interním lékařství, hygieně, pracovním a preventivním lékařství a konečně i v lékařství soudním. Ve všech těchto oborech budou moci na tyto základy navázat a doplnit si je dalšími potřebnými specifickými vědomostmi.

• MeSH
• Ecosystem MeSH
• Toxicology MeSH
• Environmental Exposure MeSH
• Environmental Pollution MeSH

• Conspectus
• Farmacie. Farmakologie
• NML Fields
• toxikologie
• environmentální vědy
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• Conspectus
• Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
• NML Fields
• chemie, klinická chemie