• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• páteř diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• sakroiliakální kloub diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• spondylartritida * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adaptive radiations are triggered by ecological opportunity - the access to novel niche domains with abundant available resources that facilitate the formation of new ecologically divergent species. Therefore, as new species saturate niche space, clades experience a diversity-dependent slowdown of diversification over time. At the other extreme of the radiation continuum, non-adaptively radiating lineages undergo diversification with minimal niche differentiation when 'spatial opportunity' (i.e. areas with suitable 'ancestral' ecological conditions) is available. Traditionally, most research has focused on adaptive radiations, while empirical studies on non-adaptive radiations remain lagging behind. A prolific clade of African fish with extremely short lifespan (Nothobranchius killifish), show the key evolutionary features of a candidate non-adaptive radiation - primarily allopatric species with minimal niche and phenotypic divergence. Here, we test the hypothesis that Nothobranchius killifish have non-adaptively diversified. We employ phylogenetic modelling to investigate the tempo and mode of macroevolutionary diversification of these organisms. RESULTS: Nothobranchius diversification has proceeded with minor niche differentiation and minimal morphological disparity among allopatric species. Additionally, we failed to identify evidence for a role of body size or biogeography in influencing diversification rates. Diversification has been homogeneous within this genus, with the only hotspot of species-richness not resulting from rapid diversification. However, species in sympatry show higher disparity, which may have been caused by character displacement among coexisting species. CONCLUSIONS: Nothobranchius killifish have proliferated following the tempo and mode of a non-adaptive radiation. Our study confirms that this exceptionally short-lived group have diversified with minimal divergent niche adaptation, while one group of coexisting species seems to have facilitated spatial overlap among these taxa via the evolution of ecological character displacement.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Fundulidae fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• vznik druhů (genetika) MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
• růstový hormon MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie

BACKGROUND: The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) developers have created web-based calibration modules for the SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scoring methods. We aimed to test the impact of applying these e-modules on the feasibility and reliability of these methods. METHODS: The SPARCC-SIJ RETIC e-modules contain cases with baseline and follow-up scans and an online scoring interface. Visual real-time feedback regarding concordance/discordance of scoring with expert readers is provided by a colour-coding scheme. Reliability is assessed in real time by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), cases being scored until ICC targets are attained. Participating readers (n=17) from the EuroSpA Imaging project were randomised to one of two reader calibration strategies that each comprised three stages. Baseline and follow-up scans from 25 cases were scored after each stage was completed. Reliability was compared with a SPARCC developer, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) assessed feasibility. RESULTS: The reliability of readers for scoring bone marrow oedema was high after the first stage of calibration, and only minor improvement was noted following the use of the inflammation module. Greater enhancement of reader reliability was evident after the use of the structural module and was most consistently evident for the scoring of erosion (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.42/0.20) to stage 3 (0.50/0.38)) and backfill (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.51/0.19) to stage 3 (0.69/0.41)). The feasibility of both e-modules was evident by high SUS scores. CONCLUSION: The SPARCC-SIJ RETIC e-modules are feasible, effective knowledge transfer tools, and their use is recommended before using the SPARCC methods for clinical research and tria.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sakroiliakální kloub * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• spondylartritida * diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH

Now in its Second Edition, with full-color illustrations throughout, this practical manual provides a basic introduction to the \"how-to\'s\" of diagnostic and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. It covers all types of heart surgery in which TEE is used and addresses clinical challenges in specific settings such as the ICU and anatomic regions such as the thoracic aorta. Each chapter includes multiple-choice questions for exam preparation. The book is portable and easy to use in the operating room. This edition includes full-color echocardiograms in all chapters and colorized and revamped drawings. A new chapter covers cardiac masses and embolic sources.

• Klíčová slova
• srdce, echokardiografie,
• MeSH
• echokardiografie transezofageální MeSH
• nemoci srdce MeSH

• MeSH
• kloubní ligamenta MeSH
• kolenní kloub MeSH
• muskuloskeletální nemoci MeSH
• ortopedické výkony MeSH
• poranění kolena MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• ortopedie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
• hypopituitarismus farmakoterapie   MeSH
• růstový hormon MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie
• farmakoterapie

• MeSH
• bolesti zad terapie   MeSH
• chiropraxe MeSH
• muskuloskeletální manipulace metody   MeSH
• páteř MeSH
• rehabilitace MeSH
• techniky cvičení a pohybu metody   MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• hypopituitarismus MeSH
• receptory somatotropinu MeSH
• růstový hormon MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie

• MeSH
• biofyzika MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• radiologie MeSH
• radioterapie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• fyzika, biofyzika
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody