• MeSH
• ekologie a životní prostředí - jevy * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• biologie MeSH
• ekologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• environmentální vědy

Dispersal and the underlying movement behaviour are processes of pivotal importance for understanding and predicting metapopulation and metacommunity dynamics. Generally, dispersal decisions are condition-dependent and rely on information in the broad sense, like the presence of conspecifics. However, studies on metacommunities that include interspecific interactions generally disregard condition-dependence. Therefore, it remains unclear whether and how dispersal in metacommunities is condition-dependent and whether rules derived from single-species contexts can be scaled up to (meta)communities. Using experimental protist metacommunities, we show how dispersal and movement depend on and are adjusted by the strength of interspecific interactions. We found that the predicting movement and dispersal in metacommunities requires knowledge on behavioural responses to intra- and interspecific interaction strengths. Consequently, metacommunity dynamics inferred directly from single-species metapopulations without taking interspecific interactions into account are likely flawed. Our work identifies the significance of condition-dependence for understanding metacommunity dynamics, stability and the coexistence and distribution of species.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• lokomoce * MeSH
• Paramecium aurelia fyziologie   MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• společenstvo MeSH
• Tetrahymena fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Advances in bio-logging technology for wildlife monitoring have expanded our ability to study space use and behavior of many animal species at increasingly detailed scales. However, such data can be challenging to analyze due to autocorrelation of GPS positions. As a case study, we investigated spatiotemporal movements and habitat selection in the little owl (Athene noctua), a bird species that is declining in central Europe and verges on extinction in Denmark. We equipped 6 Danish food-supplemented little owls and 6 non-supplemented owls in the Czech Republic with high-resolution GPS loggers that recorded one position per minute. Nightly space use, measured as 95% kernel density estimates, of Danish male owls were on average 62 ha (± 64 SD, larger than any found in previous studies) compared to 2 ha (± 1) in females, and to 3 ± 1 ha (males) versus 3 ± 5 ha (females) in the Czech Republic. Foraging Danish male owls moved on average 4-fold further from their nest and at almost double the distance per hour than Czech males. To create availability data for the habitat selection analysis, we accounted for high spatiotemporal autocorrelation of the GPS data by simulating correlated random walks with the same autocorrelation structure as the actual little owl movement trajectories. We found that habitat selection was similar between Danish and Czech owls, with individuals selecting for short vegetation and areas with high structural diversity. Our limited sample size did not allow us to infer patterns on a population level, but nevertheless demonstrates how high-resolution GPS data can help to identify critical habitat requirements to better formulate conservation actions on a local scale.

• MeSH
• biologický monitoring MeSH
• chování zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• migrace zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• Stringiformes fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Introduction: There is currently a strong scientific evidence about the negative health consequences of physical inactivity. One of the potential tools for promoting physical activity at the institutional level of the Ecological model is to create conditions and settings that would enable pupils, students and employees engage in some form of physical activity. However, physical activities as a subject are being eliminated from the study programs at Slovak universities. The purpose of the study was to find current evidence about the level of structured physical activity and health-related variables in university students in Košice. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 1,993 or, more precisely, 1,398 students who attended two universities in Košice. To collect data, students completed a questionnaire and were tested for body height, body weight, circumferential measures and percentage body fat. Results: The university students did not sufficiently engage in a structured physical activity. A large number of students had either low or high values of percentage body fat and BMI and high WHR values. Conclusions: Our findings have shown that the research into physical activity of university students should receive more attention.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• potravní řetězec MeSH
• půda MeSH
• síra MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH
• znečištění vody MeSH

Dragonflies are good indicators of environmental health and biodiversity. Most studies addressing dragonfly ecology have focused on the importance of aquatic habitats, while the value of surrounding terrestrial habitats has often been overlooked. However, species associated with temporary aquatic habitats must persist in terrestrial environments for long periods. Little is known about the importance of terrestrial habitat patches for dragonflies, or about other factors that initiate or influence dispersal behaviour. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between population dynamics of the threatened dragonfly species Sympetrum depressiusculum at its natal site and its dispersal behaviour or routine movements within its terrestrial home range. We used a mark-release-recapture method (marking 2,881 adults) and exuviae collection with the Jolly-Seber model and generalized linear models to analyse seasonal and spatial patterns of routine movement in a heterogeneous Central European landscape. Our results show that utilisation of terrestrial habitat patches by adult dragonflies is not random and may be relatively long term (approximately 3 mo). Adult dragonflies were present only in areas with dense vegetation that provided sufficient resources; the insects were absent from active agricultural patches (p = 0.019). These findings demonstrate that even a species tightly linked to its natal site utilises an area that is several orders of magnitude larger than the natal site. Therefore, negative trends in the occurrence of various dragonfly species may be associated not only with disturbances to their aquatic habitats, but also with changes in the surrounding terrestrial landscape.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• ohrožené druhy * MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• vážky * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Teoretická koncepce Frame analýzy je uvedena v souvislosti se studiem společenských hodnot. Teoretický přístup Goffmana je rozveden do praktického využití v médiích, managementu a v politice. Problémy kvalititavních, kvantitativních a experimentálních výzkumných metod ve studiu sociálních situací a s nimi souvisejících hodnot a chování jsou uvedeny s možností studovat tyto jevy ve sportovním prostředí. Příspěvek předkládá možné výzkumné otázky pro budoucnost.

Social values have dynamic character in their reflection of specific life situations. They are shaped by feelings, thinking and by currently expected behavior. Social values are framed in social situations which have specific cultural and social boundaries. Individuals or a social group develop a general framework of values, emotions and behaviors which originate from the strongly held social believes, traditions and /or from a present social environment. Social situations can be framed by cultural primers or cues. In experimental setting these primers – dramatic narratives and/or multi-sensory channel stimulation (Goffman, 1974) typical for the social situation, will frame intrinsic (culture, tradition) and extrinsic (reward for the current behavior) social values. It is predicted that extrinsic social values will lead to expected behaviors and emotions in the sport spectators.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• sociologie metody   MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• techniky cvičení a pohybu využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The future distribution of river fishes will be jointly affected by climate and land use changes forcing species to move in space. However, little is known whether fish species will be able to keep pace with predicted climate and land use-driven habitat shifts, in particular in fragmented river networks. In this study, we coupled species distribution models (stepwise boosted regression trees) of 17 fish species with species-specific models of their dispersal (fish dispersal model FIDIMO) in the European River Elbe catchment. We quantified (i) the extent and direction (up- vs. downstream) of predicted habitat shifts under coupled "moderate" and "severe" climate and land use change scenarios for 2050, and (ii) the dispersal abilities of fishes to track predicted habitat shifts while explicitly considering movement barriers (e.g., weirs, dams). Our results revealed median net losses of suitable habitats of 24 and 94 river kilometers per species for the moderate and severe future scenarios, respectively. Predicted habitat gains and losses and the direction of habitat shifts were highly variable among species. Habitat gains were negatively related to fish body size, i.e., suitable habitats were projected to expand for smaller-bodied fishes and to contract for larger-bodied fishes. Moreover, habitats of lowland fish species were predicted to shift downstream, whereas those of headwater species showed upstream shifts. The dispersal model indicated that suitable habitats are likely to shift faster than species might disperse. In particular, smaller-bodied fish (<200 mm) seem most vulnerable and least able to track future environmental change as their habitat shifted most and they are typically weaker dispersers. Furthermore, fishes and particularly larger-bodied species might substantially be restricted by movement barriers to respond to predicted climate and land use changes, while smaller-bodied species are rather restricted by their specific dispersal ability.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
• ryby fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH