The sweet cherry plant (Prunus avium L.) is primarily self-incompatible, with so-called S-alleles responsible for the inability of flowers to be pollinated not only by their own pollen grains but also by pollen from other cherries having the same S-alleles. This characteristic has wide-ranging impacts on commercial growing, harvesting, and breeding. However, mutations in S-alleles as well as changes in the expression of M locus-encoded glutathione-S-transferase (MGST) can lead to complete or partial self-compatibility, simplifying orchard management and reducing possible crop losses. Knowledge of S-alleles is important for growers and breeders, but current determination methods are challenging, requiring several PCR runs. Here we present a system for the identification of multiple S-alleles and MGST promoter variants in one-tube PCR, with subsequent fragment analysis on a capillary genetic analyzer. The assay was shown to unequivocally determine three MGST alleles, 14 self-incompatible S-alleles, and all three known self-compatible S-alleles (S3', S4', S5') in 55 combinations tested, and thus it is especially suitable for routine S-allele diagnostics and molecular marker-assisted breeding for self-compatible sweet cherries. In addition, we identified a previously unknown S-allele in the 'Techlovicka ́ genotype (S54) and a new variant of the MGST promoter with an 8-bp deletion in the ́Kronio ́ cultivar.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• Prunus avium * genetika   MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin MeSH
• slivoň * genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• amygdalin chemie   MeSH
• amylnitrit aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• botanika MeSH
• farmakognozie MeSH
• kyanovodík otrava   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandloň obecná * toxicita   MeSH
• metabolická inaktivace MeSH
• nauzea MeSH
• otrava rostlinami * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná * toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Double-stranded RNA and total RNA purified from sour cherry leaves (Prunus cerasus, cv. Amarelka Chvalkovicka) was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. BLAST annotation identified contigs with homology to several already known cherry-infecting viruses (prune dwarf virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, prunus virus F, little cherry virus 1) as well as contigs with sequences more distantly related to those of members of the family Betaflexiviridae and in particular to prunus virus T of the genus Tepovirus. The full genome sequence of a putative virus (6,847 nucleotides [nt]; GenBank no. MT090966) was assembled and completed at the genome ends. The genome has a typical tepovirus organization, containing three overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), encoding a replication-associated protein, a movement protein and a capsid protein, respectively. Both its genome organization and its phylogenetic relationships show that the virus belongs to the genus Tepovirus, but considering the species demarcation criteria for the family Betaflexiviridae, it appears to represent a novel virus species, and we propose the name "cherry virus T" (ChVT) for this virus.

• MeSH
• Flexiviridae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový * MeSH
• nemoci rostlin virologie   MeSH
• otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
• Prunus avium virologie   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Plum pox virus (PPV, family Potyviridae) is one of the most important viral pathogens of Prunus spp. causing considerable damage to stone-fruit industry worldwide. Among the PPV strains identified so far, only PPV-C, PPV-CR, and PPV-CV are able to infect cherries under natural conditions. Herein, we evaluated the pathogenic potential of two viral isolates in herbaceous host Nicotiana benthamiana. Significantly higher accumulation of PPV capsid protein in tobacco leaves infected with PPV-CR (RU-30sc isolate) was detected in contrast to PPV-C (BY-101 isolate). This result correlated well with the symptoms observed in the infected plants. To further explore the host response upon viral infection at the molecular level, a comprehensive proteomic profiling was performed. Using reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography followed by label-free mass spectrometry quantification, we identified 38 unique plant proteins as significantly altered due to the infection. Notably, the abundances of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the Calvin-Benson cycle, were found more aggressively affected in plants infected with PPV-CR isolate than those of PPV-C. This observation was accompanied by a significant reduction in the amount of photosynthetic pigments extracted from the leaves of PPV-CR infected plants. Shifts in the abundance of proteins that are involved in stimulation of photosynthetic capacity, modification of amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism may affect plant growth and initiate energy formation via gluconeogenesis in PPV infected N. benthamiana. Furthermore, we suggest that the higher accumulation of H2O2 in PPV-CR infected leaves plays a crucial role in plant defense and development by activating the glutathione synthesis.

• MeSH
• chlorofyl biosyntéza   MeSH
• chromatografie s reverzní fází MeSH
• energetický metabolismus genetika   MeSH
• fotosyntéza genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• glutathion biosyntéza   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika   MeSH
• karotenoidy biosyntéza   MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   virologie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny teplotního šoku klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Prunus avium virologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin * MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• slivoň švestka virologie   MeSH
• tabák genetika   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• virus šarky švestky klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH