OBJECTIVE: Alcohol abuse is related to a wide variety of negative health outcomes including mortality in older people. Alcohol abuse in older people is characterised by certain specific features uncommon in general adult population. The main objective of this study was to analyse the autopsy protocols of deceased older people in relation to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), sex, age, and manner of death. As a positive BAC, >0.20 g/kg was accepted. METHODS: The sample consists of 1,012 deceased older people (i.e. aged 65 years and over) selected out of 2,377 autopsied subjects in the period from 2003–2013. Subjects included into the sample were chosen via the proportional sampling method. Data (BAC, sex, age, and manner of death) was recorded in a single structured protocol. Data was evaluated statistically (Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, Wilcoxon two-sample test, risk ratio). RESULTS: Among older people, there has been a statistically significant correlation of natural death with sex (men died earlier) and with increased BAC (people with positive BAC died earlier). In case of violent death there is a difference in the types of accidents in older people with positive BAC (>0.2 g/kg) and with negative BAC (≤0.2 g/kg). Drowning is more common in older people with positive BAC. CONCLUSIONS: Health campaigns in Europe and the Czech Republic aimed at reducing alcohol consumption mainly deal with young people. Alcohol abuse has an impact on premature mortality even in older people. As shown by this study, older people with positive BAC die significantly earlier.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus mortalita   MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obsah alkoholu v krvi * MeSH
• příčina smrti * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The circumstances and causes of death of 129 cyclists registered in the Olomouc and the Zlín regions, the Czech Republic, between 2005 and 2013 were the subject of this study. METHODS: We analyzed the autopsy reports, where the principal cause of death was stated, and obtained a detailed description of the circumstances recorded by the police officers. RESULTS: Eighty-three cases (64.3% of the set) were collisions involving a motor vehicle. The driver was the guilty party in 57 cases (68.7%) and the cyclist in the remaining 26 cases (31.3%). The most frequent cause of the crash was connected with right of way (29 cases). Cars were involved in 52 cases; heavy vehicles, including buses, in 26 cases; and motorcycles in 5 cases. Single-vehicle crashes consisted of 43 (33.3%) cases. We divided this group into 3 subgroups based on whether the particular case could be attributed to a cyclist having lost control of the bicycle (31 cases) or to other particular causes. Sixty-eight cases (52.7%) of fatal outcomes were directly linked to intracranial injuries. Multiple injuries were the principal cause of death in 19 cases (14.7%), followed by hemorrhagic traumatic shock (12 cases, 9.3%). Seventy-two (55.8%) cyclists died immediately after the crash and 23 (17.8%) cyclists died within a day of the accident. CONCLUSIONS: Trucks were more dangerous to cyclists than cars at intersections, whereas cars were more dangerous on straight sections. The most important pattern was identified as a motor vehicle hitting a cyclist from behind on a straight road section. We identified a strong underestimation of natural death as a cause of cycling fatalities in the official police reports.

• MeSH
• automobily statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cyklistika zranění   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dopravní nehody mortalita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motorová vozidla statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• policie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rány a poranění mortalita   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• záznamy jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

This paper proposes a procedure which evaluates clusters of traffic accident and organizes them according to their significance. The standard kernel density estimation was extended by statistical significance testing of the resulting clusters of the traffic accidents. This allowed us to identify the most important clusters within each section. They represent places where the kernel density function exceeds the significance level corresponding to the 95th percentile level, which is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulations. To show only the most important clusters within a set of sections, we introduced the cluster strength and cluster stability evaluation procedures. The method was applied in the Southern Moravia Region of the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• dopravní nehody statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH